Table 1.

Molecular mediators involved in MSC functions.

MSC function	Molecular mediators	Reference
Multi-Lineage Differentiation Osteogenesis Chondrogenesis Adipogenesis Immune-modulation Pro-inflammation Anti-inflammation Angiogenesis	Ascorbic acid, Dexamethasone, BMPs, WNTs, FGFs, RUNX1 Ascorbate, Insulin, Transferrin, Selenic acid, Kartogenin, TGF-β Dexamethasone, Indomethacin, Insulin, Isobutylmethylxanthine TLR ligands, TLR4 TLR ligands, TLR3 VEGF, bFGF, FGF-2, Ang-1, MCP-1, IL-6, PLGF	[64,65,[71], [72], [73]] [56,64,74] [64,75] [21,68,76] [21,68,76] [18,19]

BMPs, bone morphogenic proteins; FGFs, fibroblast growth factor; RUNX1, Runt-related transcription factor 1; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; TLR, toll-like receptor; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor; FGF-2, fibroblast growth factor-2; Ang-1 angiopoietin-1; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; IL-6, interleukin-6; PLGF, placental growth factor