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. 2023 May 1;120(19):e2211510120. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2211510120

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Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.

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Fig. 3. — Transcriptome changes during chondrocyte-to-osteoblast transition in vitro are consistent with in vivo skeletal development. (A) The most highly expressed core matrisome genes after 3 wk in osteogenic conditions (OC) (MCRIi018-B) and their relative expression in hypertrophic cartilage (T3). (B) The 20 most up-regulated and 20 most down-regulated core matrisome genes in osteogenic conditions vs hypertrophic cartilage. (C) Expression of the top transcripts that correspond to osteoblast precursor, osteoblast, and mature osteoblast clusters in scRNAseq of cells isolated from mouse calvaria (54) during in vitro transdifferentiation. Bubble plots show logFC and adj.P.value during in vitro chondrocyte-to-osteoblast transition. (D) Expression of genes that mark skeletal cell subpopulations in scRNAseq of in vivo mouse transdifferentiation (5) during in vitro chondrocyte-to-osteoblast transition. (E) Expression of TFs known to regulate osteoblast differentiation (55) during in vitro chondrocyte–to-osteoblast transition. N = 4 parallel differentiations. (F) The most highly expressed transcription factor genes after 3 wk in osteogenic conditions (OC) and their relative expression in hypertrophic cartilage (T3). (G) The 20 most up-regulated and 20 most down-regulated transcription factor genes in osteogenic conditions vs hypertrophic cartilage.