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. 2023 May 12:1–13. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s11882-023-01090-1

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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023, Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

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Fig. 1 — Potential mechanisms for WFS effects, such as disruption of epithelial integrity with downstream effects on type 2 inflammatory or immune pathways, are emerging from in vitro and animal studies