Figure 2.

Changes in mitochondrial morphology are associated with abnormal cellular metabolism in CD14+ monocytes in JDM patients. (A) Bar chart shows citrate synthase rate normalised to protein content in JDM on-treatment (n=8) CD14+ monocytes compared with controls (n=10). (B) Representative images showing the range of mitochondrial fragment size in individual CD14+ monocytes from JDM on-treatment (n=6) and control (n=9). Images are representative for the lowest interquartile range (left), median (central) and highest IQR (right) of total mitochondrial volume per cell from control (top) and JDM (bottom) CD14+ monocytes. (C) Violin plot showing the distribution of total mitochondrial volume (µm³) per cell in JDM on-treatment CD14+ monocytes (n=6) compared with controls (n=9) (D) Violin plot showing the distribution of the individual mitochondrial fragment volume (µm³) from all CD14+ monocytes in JDM on-treatment (n=6) compared with controls (n=9). (E) Bar graphs show ¹³C labelled glucose metabolism rate (left) and final concentration (right) into lactate in CD14+ monocytes from JDM on-treatment (n=5) and controls (n=6). (A, E) Bar graphs: median with range shown. statistical analysis: (A, E) Non-parametric Mann-Whitney tests, p values. (C, D) Violin plots of distribution with median and IQR. Analysis of the effect of JDM compared with controls as a fixed effect in a linear mixed effects model, with a random effect included to account for individual-specific effects. P values were generated using nested ANOVA. ANOVA, analysis of variance; JDM, juvenile dermatomyositis.