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. 2022 May 10;78(5):496–503. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-217993

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to copy, redistribute, remix, transform and build upon this work for any purpose, provided the original work is properly cited, a link to the licence is given, and indication of whether changes were made. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Multivariable MR analyses of eight cell types and two respiratory disease outcomes, ACO and asthma forest plot showing multivariable MR estimating the causal effect of multiple cell types on respiratory disease outcomes, after conditioning on the effects of the SNPs on other cell types. Models were run for each of ACO and asthma separately, but effect sizes are shown next to one another for comparison. ORs (95% CI) are per SD cell count (adjusted for the effects of other cell types). Points of the forest plot represent ORs; whiskers are 95% CIs. ACO, asthma-COPD overlap; MR, Mendelian randomisation; SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphisms.