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. 2023 Feb 23;78(5):523–525. doi: 10.1136/thorax-2022-219653

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Value pyramid for interventions in the management of COPD. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LABA, long-acting inhaled beta agonist; LAMA, long-acting inhaled muscarinic antagonist; NIV, non-invasive ventilation; QALY, quality-adjusted life-year.