Table 2. Benchmarks for Common Microfluidic Fabrication Technologies That Provide Criteria for Choosing Which Method Suits the Desired Features and Costs of a Chip Device.

^aLow: 1–10; mid: 10–100; high: 100–1000.

^bCost of setup: “$”: $1000s; “$$”: $10,000s; “$$$”: $100,000s.

^cCost per device: “$”: $1–10; “$$”: $10–100; “$$$”: >$100.

^dMicroprojection lithography is much smaller but also more costly and time-intensive.

^eThis is the cost of fabricating a new master mold; replicating a design from the mold is much less expensive. Ranges for ^b and ^c are the authors’ best estimates.