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. 2023 Apr 28;10:1069651. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1069651

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Copyright © 2023 Ju, Lee, Sim, Nga, Lee, Tian, Cho, Park, Choi, Ham and Yi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Baseline, and changes in, biochemical parameters in non-responders (NR) and responders (RES) during the first 12 weeks of the intervention period. (A) Baseline monocyte fraction in appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) NR and RES group. (B) Baseline total protein in handgrip strength (HGS) NR and RES group. (C) Baseline hemoglobin in 5 times sit-to stand test (5TSTS) NR and RES group. (D–F) Changes in handgrip strength during the intervention period according to sex (D), age (E), and exercise compliance (F). Unpaired t-test for panels (A–F). NR, non-responder; RES, responder; ASM, appendicular skeletal muscle mass; HGS, handgrip strength; Hb, hemoglobin. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM.