TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants.
| Characteristics | All participants (N = 22) |
| Age (year) | 55.3 ± 11.8 |
| Female, n (%) | 7 (31.8%) |
| Height (cm) | 166.4 ± 10.4 |
| Post-HD Bw (kg) | 66.2 ± 11.4 |
| Post-HD BMI (kg/m2) | 23.8 ± 2.9 |
| HD duration (years) | 4.7 ± 3.5 |
| Kt/V | 1.51 ± 0.37 |
| Kt/V ≥ 1.2 | 20 (90.9%) |
| Causes of ESRD, n (%) | |
| DM | 5 (22.7%) |
| GN | 5 (22.7%) |
| HTN | 4 (18.2%) |
| PCKD | 3 (13.6%) |
| Cholesterol emboli | 1 (4.5%) |
| Not known | 4 (18.2%) |
| Fat mass (kg) | 20.3 ± 7.8 |
| Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (kg) | 25.3 ± 6.9 |
| Skeletal muscle index (ASM/m2) | 9.0 ± 0.4 |
| Low appendicular muscle mass | |
| Male (<7.0 ASM/m2, n) | 0 |
| Female (<5.7 ASM/m2, n) | 0 |
| Handgrip strength (kg) | 32.8 ± 9.9 |
| Low muscle strength | |
| Male (<28 kg, n) | 0 |
| Female (<18 kg, n) | 1 (14.3%) |
| Low physical performance | 5 (22.7%) |
| Gait speed (<1.0 m/s) | 4 (18.2%) |
| Five times sit-to-stand test (≥12 s) | 3 (13.6%) |
| SPPB (≤9 point) | 0 |
| Compliance for exercise (%) | 87.1 ± 15.3 |
| Compliance for leucine supplementation (%) | 75.8 ± 22.3 |
| Leucine side effects | 10 (45.5%) |
| Dyspepsia | 4 (18.2%) |
| Bloating | 2 (9.1%) |
| Diarrhea | 5 (22.7%) |
HD, hemodialysis; Bw, body weight; BMI, body mass index; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; GN, glomerulonephritis; HTN, hypertension; PCKD, polycystic kidney disease; ASM, appendicular skeletal muscle mass; SPPB, short physical performance battery. Data are presented as the mean ± SD.