Table 1.
Maternal and pregnancy outcomes according to maternal MS and maternal drug use during pregnancy in Sweden from 2006 to 2020.
| Maternal and pregnancy characteristics | N (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (N = 29,568) | Without MS (N = 26,150) | With MS (N = 3418) | Not Exposed to DMT* (N = 2002) |
Exposed to DMT (N = 1172) | |
| Age (years) | |||||
| ⩽19 | 80 (0.3) | 73 (0.3) | 7 (0.2) | 6 (0.3) | 1 (0.1) |
| 20–24 | 1486 (5.0) | 1316 (5.0) | 170 (5.0) | 101 (5.0) | 60 (5.1) |
| 25–29 | 7083 (24.0) | 6280 (24.0) | 803 (23.5) | 461 (23.0) | 288 (24.6) |
| 30–34 | 11,604 (39.2) | 10,195 (39.0) | 1409 (41.2) | 800 (40.0) | 504 (43.0) |
| ⩾35 | 9315 (31.5) | 8286 (31.7) | 1029 (30.1) | 634 (31.7) | 319 (27.2) |
| Country of birth | |||||
| Missing | 32 (0.1) | 28 (0.1) | 4 (0.1) | 3 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) |
| Nordic | 24,819 (83.9) | 21,872 (83.6) | 2947 (86.2) | 1708 (85.3) | 1024 (87.4) |
| Non-nordic | 4717 (16.0) | 4250 (16.3) | 467 (13.7) | 291 (14.5) | 147 (12.5) |
| Education | |||||
| Missing | 118 (0.4) | 107 (0.4) | 11 (0.3) | 7 (0.3) | 4 (0.3) |
| ⩽9 | 1752 (5.9) | 1560 (6.0) | 192 (5.6) | 122 (6.1) | 66 (5.6) |
| 10–11 | 1982 (6.7) | 1771 (6.8) | 211 (6.2) | 139 (6.9) | 55 (4.7) |
| 12 | 7343 (24.8) | 6558 (25.1) | 785 (23.0) | 439 (21.9) | 286 (24.4) |
| 13–14 | 4301 (14.5) | 3787 (14.5) | 514 (15.0) | 304 (15.2) | 166 (14.2) |
| ⩾15 | 14,072 (47.6) | 12,367 (47.3) | 1705 (49.9) | 991 (49.5) | 595 (50.8) |
| Cohabitation with partner | |||||
| Missing | 1414 (4.8) | 1261 (4.8) | 153 (4.5) | 94 (4.7) | 44 (3.8) |
| Yes | 26,550 (89.8) | 23,445 (89.7) | 3105 (90.8) | 1808 (90.3) | 1078 (92.0) |
| No | 1604 (5.4) | 1444 (5.5) | 160 (4.7) | 100 (5.0) | 50 (4.3) |
| Smoking | |||||
| Missing | 961 (3.3) | 849 (3.2) | 112 (3.3) | 67 (3.3) | 33 (2.8) |
| No | 27,127 (91.7) | 24,016 (91.8) | 3111 (91.0) | 1818 (90.8) | 1073 (91.6) |
| Yes | 1480 (5.0) | 1285 (4.9) | 195 (5.7) | 117 (5.8) | 66 (5.6) |
| Snuff | |||||
| Missing | 858 (2.9) | 756 (2.9) | 102 (3.0) | 60 (3.0) | 30 (2.6) |
| No | 28,205 (95.4) | 24,958 (95.4) | 3247 (95.0) | 1898 (94.8) | 1120 (95.6) |
| Yes | 505 (1.7) | 436 (1.7) | 69 (2.0) | 44 (2.2) | 22 (1.9) |
| Year of delivery | |||||
| 2006–2009 | 6356 (21.5) | 5512 (21.1) | 844 (24.7) | 602 (30.1) | 155 (13.2) |
| 2010–2013 | 7869 (26.6) | 6899 (26.4) | 970 (28.4) | 537 (26.8) | 357 (30.5) |
| 2014–2017 | 8715 (29.5) | 7751 (29.6) | 964 (28.2) | 513 (25.6) | 386 (32.9) |
| 2018–2020 | 6628 (22.4) | 5988 (22.9) | 640 (18.7) | 350 (17.5) | 274 (23.4) |
| Parity | |||||
| 1 | 11,488 (38.9) | 9986 (38.2) | 1502 (43.9) | 827 (41.3) | 540 (46.1) |
| 2 | 11,494 (38.9) | 10,121 (38.7) | 1373 (40.2) | 820 (41.0) | 470 (40.1) |
| 3 | 4597 (15.5) | 4188 (16.0) | 409 (12.0) | 263 (13.1) | 125 (10.7) |
| ⩾4 | 1989 (6.7) | 1855 (7.1) | 134 (3.9) | 92 (4.6) | 37 (3.2) |
| Height (cm) | |||||
| Missing | 371 (1.3) | 317 (1.2) | 54 (1.6) | 27 (1.3) | 20 (1.7) |
| ⩽159 | 3582 (12.1) | 3254 (12.4) | 328 (9.6) | 181 (9.0) | 124 (10.6) |
| 160–164 | 7110 (24.0) | 6331 (24.2) | 779 (22.8) | 453 (22.6) | 269 (23.0) |
| 165–169 | 8525 (28.8) | 7515 (28.7) | 1010 (29.5) | 590 (29.5) | 353 (30.1) |
| ⩾170 | 9980 (33.8) | 8733 (33.4) | 1247 (36.5) | 751 (37.5) | 406 (34.6) |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
| Missing | 1879 (6.4) | 1669 (6.4) | 210 (6.1) | 126 (6.3) | 66 (5.6) |
| <18.5 | 596 (2.0) | 516 (2.0) | 80 (2.3) | 41 (2.0) | 35 (3.0) |
| 18.5–24.9 | 16,346 (55.3) | 14,437 (55.2) | 1909 (55.9) | 1113 (55.6) | 665 (56.7) |
| 25.0–29.9 | 6918 (23.4) | 6132 (23.4) | 786 (23.0) | 455 (22.7) | 267 (22.8) |
| 30.0–34.9 | 2632 (8.9) | 2341 (9.0) | 291 (8.5) | 176 (8.8) | 98 (8.4) |
| 35.0–39.9 | 883 (3.0) | 775 (3.0) | 108 (3.2) | 69 (3.4) | 33 (2.8) |
| ⩾40.0 | 314 (1.1) | 280 (1.1) | 34 (1.0) | 22 (1.1) | 8 (0.7) |
| Pregestational diabetes | |||||
| No | 29,098 (98.4) | 25,721 (98.4) | 3377 (98.8) | 1974 (98.6) | 1162 (99.1) |
| Yes | 470 (1.6) | 429 (1.6) | 41 (1.2) | 28 (1.4) | 10 (0.9) |
| Pregestational hypertension | |||||
| No | 29,305 (99.1) | 25,920 (99.1) | 3385 (99.0) | 1981 (99.0) | 1161 (99.1) |
| Yes | 263 (0.9) | 230 (0.9) | 33 (1.0) | 21 (1.0) | 11 (0.9) |
MS: multiple sclerosis; DMT: disease-modifying therapy.
*
Not receiving any disease-modifying drugs (DMTs) within 1 year prior to pregnancy.