Table 2.
Pregnancy and perinatal outcomes according to maternal MS in Sweden from 2006 to 2020.
| Outcomes | N (%) | RR (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (N = 29,568) | Without MS (N = 26,150) | With MS (N = 3418) | Crude | Adjusted b | |
| Pregnancy outcomes | |||||
| Elective caesarean section | 2841 (9.6) | 2419 (9.3) | 422 (12.3) | 1.36 (1.22–1.51) | 1.37 (1.23–1.52) |
| Emergency caesarean section | 2426 (8.2) | 2149 (8.2) | 277 (8.1) | 1.05 (0.93–1.19) | 1.02 (0.91–1.15) |
| Instrumental delivery | 1952 (6.6) | 1660 (6.3) | 292 (8.5) | 1.40 (1.24–1.58) | 1.27 (1.13–1.42) |
| Induction of labour | 4828 (16.3) | 4242 (16.2) | 586 (17.1) | 1.05 (0.97–1.14) | 1.08 (0.99–1.17) |
| Gestational diabetes | 470 (1.6) | 429 (1.6) | 41 (1.2) | 0.77 (0.56–1.07) | 0.90 (0.64–1.25) |
| Preeclampsia | 783 (2.6) | 701 (2.7) | 82 (2.4) | 0.90 (0.71–1.14) | 0.89 (0.70–1.12) |
| Maternal infection | 1370 (4.6) | 1194 (4.6) | 176 (5.1) | 1.14 (0.97–1.35) | 1.20 (1.02–1.42) |
| Antepartum haemorrhage/ placental abruption | 249 (0.8) | 209 (0.8) | 40 (1.2) | 1.45 (1.02–2.05) | 1.50 (1.05–2.14) |
| Labour dystocia | 3108 (10.5) | 2755 (10.5) | 353 (10.3) | 0.98 (0.88–1.09) | 0.91 (0.82–1.01) |
| Obstetric anal sphincter injury | 741 (2.5) | 668 (2.6) | 73 (2.1) | 0.84 (0.66–1.06) | 0.73 (0.57–0.94) |
| Postpartum haemorrhage | 2095 (7.1) | 1840 (7.0) | 255 (7.5) | 1.06 (0.93–1.21) | 1.03 (0.90–1.18) |
| Perinatal outcomes | |||||
| Early term (37–38 weeks) | 5602 (18.9) | 4853 (18.6) | 749 (21.9) | 1.19 (1.11–1.28) | 1.22 (1.13–1.31) |
| Preterm birth (< 37 weeks) | 1362 (4.6) | 1171 (4.5) | 191 (5.6) | 1.24 (1.06–1.45) | 1.23 (1.04–1.45) |
| Medically indicated preterm birth a | 403 (1.4) | 342 (1.3) | 61 (1.8) | 1.35 (1.01–1.81) | 1.41 (1.04–1.91) |
| Spontaneous preterm birth a | 953 (3.2) | 823 (3.1) | 130 (3.8) | 1.20 (1.00–1.45) | 1.17 (0.96–1.42) |
| Small for gestational age | 1867 (6.3) | 1613 (6.2) | 254 (7.4) | 1.21 (1.06–1.39) | 1.17 (1.02–1.34) |
| Neonatal infection | 358 (1.2) | 311 (1.2) | 47 (1.4) | 1.16 (0.85–1.57) | 1.18 (0.86–1.62) |
| Major malformation | 1334 (4.5) | 1175 (4.5) | 159 (4.7) | 1.03 (0.88–1.22) | 1.07 (0.90–1.26) |
| 5–minute Apgar score < 7 | 529 (1.8) | 461 (1.8) | 68 (2.0) | 1.12 (0.87–1.45) | 1.21 (0.93–1.57) |
| Neonatal hypoglycaemia | 643 (2.2) | 579 (2.2) | 64 (1.9) | 0.84 (0.64–1.09) | 0.85 (0.65–1.11) |
| Neonatal jaundice | 1312 (4.4) | 1156 (4.4) | 156 (4.6) | 1.03 (0.88–1.22) | 0.98 (0.82–1.16) |
| Neonatal respiratory distress | 1056 (3.6) | 925 (3.5) | 131 (3.8) | 1.08 (0.90–1.30) | 1.06 (0.88–1.29) |
MS: multiple sclerosis.
a
We did not have data on spontaneous versus induced preterm birth in all preterm births, hence numbers do not add up.
b
Adjusted for maternal age, country of origin, parity, education, smoking and snuff during pregnancy, year of birth and maternal height.
Statistically significant adjusted RR is given in bold.