Table 3.
Perinatal outcomes according to maternal drug use during pregnancy in Sweden from 2006 to 2020.
| Outcomes | N (%) | RR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Not exposed to DMT* (N = 2002) | Exposed to DMT (N = 1172) | Crude | Adjusted b | |
| Pregnancy outcomes | ||||
| Elective caesarean section | 245 (12.2) | 145 (12.4) | 1.01 (0.86–1.20) | 1.05 (0.88–1.24) |
| Emergency caesarean section | 155 (7.7) | 106 (9.0) | 1.18 (0.94–1.47) | 1.13 (0.90–1.42) |
| Instrumental delivery | 156 (7.8) | 104 (8.9) | 1.16 (0.92–1.46) | 1.13 (0.90–1.43) |
| Induction of labour | 335 (16.7) | 217 (18.5) | 1.07 (0.92–1.26) | 1.02 (0.87–1.20) |
| Gestational diabetes | 28 (1.4) | 10 (0.9) | 0.61 (0.30–1.24) | 0.54 (0.26–1.12) |
| Preeclampsia | 45 (2.2) | 29 (2.5) | 1.08 (0.68–1.73) | 1.04 (0.64–1.67) |
| Maternal infection | 102 (5.1) | 64 (5.5) | 1.09 (0.80–1.49) | 0.97 (0.71–1.33) |
| Antepartum haemorrhage/ placental abruption | 23 (1.1) | 12 (1.0) | 0.93 (0.47–1.82) | 0.96 (0.51–1.83) |
| Labour dystocia | 189 (9.4) | 129 (11.0) | 1.17 (0.94–1.44) | 1.09 (0.88–1.35) |
| Obstetric anal sphincter injury | 51 (2.5) | 18 (1.5) | 0.60 (0.35–1.03) | 0.58 (0.32–1.01) |
| Postpartum haemorrhage | 141 (7.0) | 96 (8.2) | 1.15 (0.89–1.48) | 1.13 (0.88–1.47) |
| Perinatal outcomes | ||||
| Early term (37–38 weeks) | 442 (22.1) | 256 (21.8) | 0.99 (0.86–1.14) | 1.02 (0.89–1.18) |
| Preterm birth (< 37 weeks) | 103 (5.1) | 74 (6.3) | 1.20 (0.90–1.60) | 1.20 (0.90–1.61) |
| Medically indicated preterm birth a | 29 (1.4) | 28 (2.4) | 1.40 (0.84–2.33) | 1.37 (0.83–2.27) |
| Spontaneous preterm birth a | 74 (3.7) | 46 (3.9) | 1.07 (0.75–1.53) | 1.09 (0.75–1.58) |
| Small for gestational age | 149 (7.4) | 82 (7.0) | 0.91 (0.70–1.18) | 0.92 (0.71–1.19) |
| Neonatal infection | 22 (1.1) | 19 (1.6) | 1.48 (0.80–2.72) | 1.49 (0.83–2.67) |
| Major malformation | 95 (4.7) | 52 (4.4) | 0.93 (0.67–1.29) | 0.88 (0.63–1.23) |
| 5-minute Apgar score < 7 | 38 (1.9) | 25 (2.1) | 1.13 (0.68–1.87) | 1.13 (0.67–1.93) |
| Neonatal hypoglycaemia | 38 (1.9) | 21 (1.8) | 0.97 (0.57–1.67) | 1.07 (0.63–1.81) |
| Neonatal jaundice | 83 (4.1) | 55 (4.7) | 1.13 (0.81–1.58) | 1.22 (0.87–1.71) |
| Neonatal respiratory distress | 63 (3.1) | 59 (5.0) | 1.58 (1.12–2.24) | 1.52 (1.06–2.18) |
DMT: disease-modifying therapy.
a
We did not have data on spontaneous versus induced preterm birth in all preterm births, hence numbers do not add up.
b
Adjusted for maternal age, parity and year of birth.
*
Not receiving any disease-modifying drugs (DMTs) within 1 year prior to pregnancy.
Statistically significant adjusted RR is given in bold.