Table 5.

Studies investigating recreational cannabis legalization and crime related outcomes.

Author	Year	Location	Date of legalization	Study design	Sample	Brief findings
Callaghan et al	2021	Canada	2018	Archival administrative data	N = 32 178	RCL was associated with a significant decrease in daily cannabis-related offenses in youth overall and when broken down by sex. There was no evidence of an RCL association for property or violent crime rates in youth.
Firth et al	2020	Oregon	2014	Interrupted time series	N = 18 779	Overall rate of cannabis-related allegations increased post-RCL. American Indian/Alaskan Native more likely than White youth to have an allegation pre-and post-RCL but was stable over time. Black youth also more likely than White youth pre-RCL with the disparity decreasing post-RCL.
Firth et al	2019	Washington	2012	Archival administrative data	National Incident Based Reporting System 2012-2015	Arrest rates dropped in those 21+ after post-RCL. Arrest rates for 18 to 20 decreased post-RCL. Rates for Black individuals 21+ dropped post-RCL but relative disparities from White individuals increased. Rates for Black individuals 18 to 20 also dropped post-RCL but there was no significant increase in relative disparities to White counterparts. Arrest rates for selling cannabis did drop more for White individuals compared to Black individuals.

Author, Author of article; Year, Publication year of article; Location, Jurisdiction article data was collected in; Date of Legalization, Year legalization was enacted in jurisdiction; Sample, Total N of article sample; RCL, Recreational Cannabis Legalization.