Skip to main content
. 2023 Apr 27;15(9):2504. doi: 10.3390/cancers15092504

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Model of ALL interaction with stromal cells of the choroid plexus. ALL cells have been shown to bind stromal fibroblasts through α4β1: VCAM-1 and αLβ2: ICAM-1 converting them to cancer-associated fibroblasts and instructing them to secrete cytokines in the process. The result is increased chemoresistance of the ALL cells. Furthermore, in vitro studies have shown that extracellular vesicles produced by ALL cells can prepare ependymal cells for ALL transmigration. The role of integrins in this process has been shown for some ALL cells. It remains to be shown whether communication takes place in the CP stroma between macrophages and ALL cells, whether cytokines and exosomal integrins are involved, and whether the macrophages are converted to tumor-associated macrophages during such a process (indicated by question mark). See text for further details. This figure was created with BioRender.com.