53BP1	Tumor suppressor p53-binding protein 1
ACE	Angiotensin-converting enzyme
ARBs	Angiotensin receptor blockers
AFAR	American Federation for Aging Research
AKT1	Threonine protein kinase
ALP	Alkaline phosphatase
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
Ang II	Angiotensin II
ANGPTL2	Angiopoietin-like protein 2
ApoE	Apolipoprotein E
BCL-xL	B-cell lymphoma-extra large
BMP-2	Bone morphogenetic protein 2
BPTES	Bis-2-(5-phenyl- acetamido-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) ethyl sulfide
CABG	Coronary artery bypass graft
CAR-T	Chimeric antigen receptor T cell
CCL3	Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3
CCN1	CCN family member 1
CCR2	C-C motif chemokine receptor 2
CF	Cardiac fibroblasts
CMV	Cytomegalovirus
COPD	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CPC	Cardiac progenitor cell
CPT1	Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I
CVD	Cardiovascular disease
D	Dasatinib
DAMP	Damage-associated molecular pattern
DNA	Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA-SCARS	DNA segments with chromatin alterations reinforcing senescence
EC	Endothelial cell
ECM	Extracellular matrix
Edn3	Endothelin 3
EFNB1	Ephrin B1
eNOS	Endothelial nitric oxide synthase
EPCs	Endothelial progenitor cells
ET-1	Endothelin 1
FAS	TNF receptor superfamily member 6
FGF	Fibroblast growth factor
FOXO	Forkhead box protein O
GDF15	Growth differentiation factor 15
GH	Growth hormone
GHRH	Growth hormone–releasing hormone
GLS1	Glutaminase 1
GPNMB	Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B
HF	Heart failure
HFpEF	Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
HGPS	Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome
HIF	Hypoxia-inducible factor
HMGB-1	High mobility group box 1
hs-CRP	High sensitivity C-reactive protein
HSP	Heat shock protein
HSP90	Heat shock protein 90
ICAM-1	Intercellular adhesion molecule-1
ICD	International Classification of Diseases
IFN- γ	Interferon-gamma
IGF-1	Insulin-like growth factor 1
IGFBP	Insulin-like Growth Factor-binding Protein
IL	Interleukin
KGA	Kidney-type glutaminase
Ki-67	Marker of proliferation Ki-67
KO	Knockout
LDL	Low-density lipoprotein
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MCP-1	Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
MI	Myocardial infarction
miRNAs	MicroRNAs
MMP	Matrix Metallopeptidase
mTOR	Mammalian target of rapamycin
NAD+	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NADPH	Nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate
NAFLD	Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
NK	Natural killer
NO	Nitric oxide
NOXs	Nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate oxidases
OIS	Oncogene induced senescence
OPG	Osteoprotegerin
OPN	Osteopontin
OSKM	The “Yamanaka factors”, Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc
p16Ink4a	Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A
p21CIP1/WAF1	Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (Cdkn1a)
p38MAPK	p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase
p53	Cellular tumor antigen p53
PAH	Pulmonary arterial hypertension
PAI-1	Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
PDGF	Platelet-derived growth factor
PI3K	Phosphoinositide 3-kinases
PPARα	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α
Q	Quercetin
RAAS	Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
RNA	Ribonucleic acid
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
Runx-2	runt-associated transcription factor 2
SADs	Senescence-associated distention of satellites
SAHF	Senescence-associated heterochromatin foci
SASP	Senescence-associated secretory phenotype
SA-βgal	Senescence-associated beta-galactosidase
SCAPs	Senescent cell anti-apoptotic pathways
scRNA-seq	Single cell RNA-sequencing
SGLT2	Sodium-Glucose Transport Protein 2
SIRT	Sirtuin
SM-MHC	Smooth muscle myosin heavy chain
SOD	Superoxide dismutase
TAFs	Telomere-associated foci
TAME	Targeting Aging with Metformin
TEM	Transmission electron microscopy
TGFβ	Tumor growth factor-beta
TIS	Therapy-induced senescent cells
TNFR1	TNF receptor 1
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor alpha
uPAR	Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor
VEGF	Vascular endothelial growth factor
VSMC	Vascular smooth muscle cell
X-Gal	X-galactosidase
α-SMA	α-smooth muscle actin
γ-H2AX	Phosphorylated H2A histone family member X