Table 4.
Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analysis: overall survival in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma.
| Overall Survival | Univariable Analyses | Multivariable Analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | p-Value | 95% CI | HR | p-Value | 95% CI | Adj HR |
| Age > 60 yrs vs. * ≤ 60 yrs | 0.081 | 0.940–2.925 | 1.658 | - | - | - |
| Sex m vs. * f | 0.615 | 0.736–1.678 | 1.112 | - | - | - |
| Progression vs. * no progression | 0.008 | 1.178–3.001 | 1.880 | 0.451 | 0.324–12.674 | 2.025 |
| Pelvic localization vs. ureter vs. * both | 0.711 | 0.818–1.344 | 1.048 | - | - | - |
| Growth patterns: * Papillary vs. papillary-inverted/solid * Papillary vs. solid * Papillary vs. mixed type * Papillary vs. micropapillary * Papillary vs. sarcomatoid |
0.007 0.961 0.010 0.160 0.077 <0.001 |
0.504–1.919 1.214–4.066 0.864–2.432 0.868–15.725 2.899–35.123 |
0.983 2.222 1.449 3.694 10.09 |
0.002 0.049 0.763 0.209 0.579 <0.001 |
0.032–0.990 0.175–10.757 0.556–14.580 0.078–109.66 7.614–1364.9 |
0.178 1.373 2.846 2.826 101.942 |
| Necrosis vs. * no necrosis | 0.004 | 1.230–3.046 | 1.936 | 0.149 | 0.752–6.505 | 2.212 |
| Chronic lymphofollicular inflammation vs. * no inflammation | 0.983 | 0.558–1.771 | 0.994 | - | - | - |
| ERBB2 score ** 0 vs. 1+ vs. 2+ vs. * 3+ | 0.193 | 0.937–1.380 | 1.137 | - | - | - |
| ERBB2 amplification vs. * ERBB2 <2.0 | 0.176 | 0.827–2.822 | 1.528 | - | - | |
| ERBB2 gain or amplification vs. * no ERBB2 gain or amplification | 0.057 | 0.986–2.485 | 1.565 | 0.114 | 0.623–83.766 | 7.222 |
| Platin vs. * no platin-based therapy | 0.005 | 1.243–3.316 | 2.031 | 0.043 | 0.003–0.914 | 0.049 |
| ERBB2 status and CT | 0.006 | 0.020 | ||||
| ERBB2 negative and CT vs. * ERBB2 negative and no CT | 0.009 | 1.227–4.223 | 2.276 | 0.003 | 0.009–0.377 | 0.059 |
| ERBB2 positive and CT vs. * ERBB2 negative and no CT | 0.620 | 0.504–3.160 | 1.262 | 0.021 | 0.003–0.624 | 0.046 |
| ERBB2 positive and no CT vs. * ERBB2 negative and no CT | 0.003 | 1.341–4.028 | 2.324 | 0.086 | 0.003–1.458 | 0.071 |
| Grading | <0.001 | 0.071 | ||||
| G2 vs. * G1 | 0.125 | 0.828–4.709 | 1.974 | 0.738 | 0.169–3.522 | 0.772 |
| G3 vs. * G1 | 0.001 | 1.692–9.185 | 3.942 | 0.027 | 0.001–0.663 | 0.026 |
| pT | <0.001 | 0.004 | ||||
| pT1 vs. * pTa | 0.060 | 0.970–4.310 | 2.045 | 0.003 | 2.409–68.305 | 12.827 |
| pT2 vs. * pTa | 0.040 | 1.044–5.859 | 2.474 | 0.019 | 1.711–415-792 | 26.674 |
| T3 vs. * pTa | <0.001 | 1.673–6.410 | 3.274 | 0.012 | 2.346–1021.94 | 48.959 |
| pT4 vs. * pTa | <0.001 | 5.006–23.279 | 10.795 | <0.001 | 11.761–8238.9 | 311.28 |
| pN1 or pN2 vs. * pN0 | <0.001 | 1.921–5.125 | 3.138 | 0.678 | 1.189–4.677 | 2.358 |
| cM10 vs. * cM0 | <0.001 | 2.910–10.993 | 5.656 | 0.384 | 0.346–15.830 | 2.340 |
| Lymphatic invasion (L1 vs. * L0) | <0.001 | 1.525–3.602 | 2.344 | <0.001 | 4.130–71.603 | 17.196 |
| Venous invasion (V1 or V2 vs. * V0) | <0.001 | 1.483–3.465 | 2.267 | 0.090 | 0.095–1.187 | 0.335 |
| Perineural invasion (Pn1 vs. * Pn0) | <0.001 | 1.105–12.198 | 3.6718 | 0.442 | 0.229–1.903 | 0.660 |
| Residual status (R1 or R2 vs. * R0) | <0.001 | 2.917–7.280 | 4.608 | <0.001 | 4.116–76.914 | 17.793 |
Abbreviations: Adj—adjusted, CI—confidence interval, CT—platin-based polychemotherapy, HR—hazard ratio, OS—overall survival, vs.—versus; Notes: * reference category, ** ERBB2 immunoscoring scheme for gastric adenocarcinoma [30]. To select OS influencing factors for the multiple regression approach, the cut-off was set as p = 0.060.