Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and immunotherapy setting.
| Ref | Gender, Age | Tumor Type (Stage) | Potential Stressors * | Line/Cycle of Therapy | ICIs Targets (Agents) | Concurrent/Previous Systemic Therapies | Time on Treatment at TTS Presentation (Days) | Time from Last ICI Treatment (Days) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tan et al., 2020 [15] | M, 62 | HCC (IV) | Active smoking | 1st line, C1 | PD-1 (nivolumab) | - | 21 | 21 |
| Oldfield et al., 2020 [16] | M, 76 | Melanoma (IV) | Underlying DKA, CVS comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia) | 1st line, 1st event after C1, 2nd event after C2 | PD-1 (nivolumab), CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) | - | NR | 2nd event 4 days after C2 (1st event NR) |
| Geisler et al., 2015 [17] | F, 83 | Melanoma (IV) | Hypertension | 1st line, C4 | CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) | - | ≈84 | ≈21 |
| Elikowski et al., 2018 [18] | M, 30 | NSCLC (IV) | Cardiac carcinomatous infiltration, carcinomatous embolization of coronary arteries | Patient received ICIs in 1st line, TTS presented after 2nd line ChT | PD-L1 (durvalumab), CTLA-4 (tremelimumab) | Cisplatin/gemcitabine (1st line in combination with ICIs), carboplatin/paclitaxel (2nd line) | NR | NR |
| Khan et al., 2020 [19] | F, 57 | NSCLC (IV) | Underlying pneumonia | 1st line, C4 | PD-1 (pembrolizumab) | Carboplatin/pemetrexed (combination with ICIs) | ≈77 | 14 |
| Tsuruda et al., 2021 [20] | M, 75 | NSCLC | Myocarditis | 1st line, C1 | PD-1 (pembrolizumab) | Adjuvant cisplatin/vinorelbine 6 months ago | 136 | 136 |
| Serzan et al., 2021 [21] | F, 66 | Melanoma (I) | - | Adjuvant, C7 | PD-1 (nivolumab), CTLA4 (ipilimumab) | - | ≈112 | NR |
| Ederhy et al., 2017 [22] | M, 45 | Melanoma (advanced) | NR | Line NR, C1 | PD-1 (nivolumab), CTLA4 (ipilimumab) | - | 5 | 5 |
| M, 77 | Melanoma (advanced) | NR | Line NR, C3 | PD-1 (nivolumab), CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) | - | 65 | NR | |
| Okamatsu et al., 2020 [14] | F, 76 | NSCLC (IIIC) | Infusion reaction | 1st line, C1 | PD-1 (pembrolizumab) | - | 1 (6 h after C1) | 1 (6 h after C1) |
| Anderson & Brooks, 2016 [23] | F, 56 | HER2 breast cancer (IV) | Colitis | 1st line | PD-1 (pembrolizumab) | Trastuzumab along with ICI, previous adjuvant treatment with anthracycline based ChT and trastuzumab (about 8 months before ICI) | ≈247 | NR |
| Schwab et al., 2019 [24] | M, 69 | HNSCC (IV) | - | 2nd line, C7 | PD-1 (nivolumab), CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) | Previous ChT with cisplatin, 5-FU, cetuximab (at least 1 month before ICIs) | ≈450 | NR |
| Camastra et al., 2020 [13] | M, 70 | Lung cancer | Possible myocarditis, immune-induced nausea/vomiting | Line NR, C1 | PD-L1 (atezolizumab) | Previous ChT | 7 | 7 |
| Norikane et al., 2020 [25] | M, 73 | RCC (advanced) | Myocarditis | NR | PD-1 (nivolumab), CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) | NR | 7 | 7 |
| Singhal et al., 2022 [26] | F, ≈80 | HCC (IV) | Underlying DKA, hypertension | 2nd line | PD-L1 (atezolizumab) | Bevacizumab along with ICI, previous line with multi-TKI (sorafenib) at least 6 months before | ≈180 | NR |
| Airo et al., 2022 [27] | M, 49 | RCC (IV) | - | 1st line, C1 | PD-1 (pembrolizumab) | VEGFR-TKI (axitinib) along with ICI | 6 | 6 |
| ‘Sotiria’ case | F, 74 | NSCLC (IIIC) | Active smoking, major depression, CVS comorbidities (PAD, hypertension, CAD) | 1st line, C8 | PD-1 (pembrolizumab) | - | ≈175 (2nd event 360 days after C1) | 7 (2nd event 180 days after C8) |
C: Cycle; CAD: Coronary artery disease; ChT: Chemotherapy; CTLA-4: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein-4; CVS: Cardiovascular; DKA: Diabetic ketoacidosis; F; Female; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; HNSCC: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; ICIs: Immune checkpoint inhibitors; M: Male; NR: Not reported; NSCLC: Non-small cell lung cancer; PAD: Peripheral arterial disease; PD: Programmed death receptor; PD-L1: Programmed death ligand-1; RCC: Renal cell carcinoma; TKI: Tyrosine kinase inhibitor; TTS: Takotsubo syndrome; VEGFR: Vascular endothelia growth factor receptor; * Potential stressors include known cardiovascular comorbidity, active smoking, emotional, or physical stress. -: No.