Figure 5.

Regulation of ROS production, oxidant pathways, and antioxidants by microRNAs. When mature microRNAs (miRNA) form an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), translational repression or mRNA degradation can occur and either enhance or inhibit ROS production. NADPH oxidase (NOX), p66shc, and NLRP participate in oxidant pathways and are inhibited or reduced by miR-590-3p and miR-27b, respectively. Studies have observed greater impact on antioxidants by miRNAs. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and various forms of Sirtuin (SIRT) have increased activation by multiple miRNAs including miR-125, miR-24, and miR-602. Some miRNAs have demonstrated inhibitory effects on antioxidants including miR-214-3p, miR-383, miR-140-5p, miR-34a, and miR-335-5p.