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. 2023 May 4;15(9):2613. doi: 10.3390/cancers15092613

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Five hypoxia-related GSC niches are closely associated and might be integrated into the hypoxic peri-arteriolar niche. (a) The integrated hypoxic peri-arteriolar niche is a combined concept from the inter-played 5 niches (b–f); (b) iInteraction between peri-vascular niche and hypoxia/necrotic niche via VEGF, SDF1α, CXCR4; (c) ECM niche (see details in Figure 5); (d) interaction between immune niche and hypoxia/necrotic niche via HIF1α, HIF2α, lymphocytes, CD8+ T cells, interferon-γ, CD4+ T cells, pSTAT pathway, CCL2, CFS1, macrophages, Foxp3+ Tregs, Th17 cells, TCR, CD4+ type1 Treg, and CD4+ T helper 17; (e) GSC hypoxia/necrotic niche; (f) interaction between immune niche and peri-arteriolar niche via CD177, MMP9, OPN, and CD68+ macrophages.