Table 5.

Outcomes measures of the WISE RCT.

Outcome	Assessment Method
Primary outcome
Daily step count over 6 months	The Xiaomi Mi Band 5 smartwatch will be used to assess the daily step count. Days with missing data and/or days with fewer than 1000 steps will be excluded from the analysis.
Secondary outcomes
Physical activity
Self-reported physical activity and sedentary behaviors	Self-reported behaviors will be gathered using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The IPAQ assesses walking and activities of a moderate and vigorous intensity that are performed continuously for at least 10 min in all domains of everyday life (i.e., leisure, occupational, household and transport) in the last 7 days. The IPAQ demonstrates acceptable levels of test-retest reliability and fair to moderate associations with accelerometer measures [40,41].
Anthropometric data and body composition
BMI, Body mass and height	Using a calibrated digital scale, body mass is measured to the nearest 0.1 kg; height is measured to the nearest 0.1 cm using a wall-mounted stadiometer. The BMI is automatically calculated by the body composition analyzer as the ratio of body mass (kg) to height squared (m²).
Body composition	Assessment of body composition is conducted using bioelectrical impedance analysis with the multi frequency segmented body composition analyzer InBody 230 (InBody, Cerritos, CA, USA) [44].
Physical capacities
Muscle strength	The plank test protocol requires participants to maintain a static prone position with only forearms and toes touching the ground. Proper form requires feet together with toes curled under the feet, elbows forearm distance apart, and hands clasped together against the floor mat. Participants maintain eye contact with their hands, a neutral spine, and a straight line from head to ankles. The test begins when the participant demonstrates the correct position. Participants are allowed to deviate from the correct position once and can continue the test if they immediately resume the correct starting position. The test is terminated on the second deviation from the correct position or if the participant does not return to the correct position after the first warning [45]. The plank test protocol is a reliable test [46] and has been used with children [45] and young adults [46].
Endurance	The 6 Minute Walk Test measures aerobic capacity and endurance through sub-maximal exercise. The outcome by which to compare changes in performance capacity is the distance traveled during a period of 6 min. Reference equations have been developed for healthy young adults [47], and have proved Excellent test-retest reliability, interrater reliability and intrarater reliability for different populations [48,49,50,51,52].
Well-being
Quality of life	The Healthy Lifestyle and Personal Control Questionnaire (HLPCQ) will be used to examine several dimensions of daily living. The HLPCQ has been described as a good tool for assessing the efficacy of future health-promoting interventions to improve individuals’ lifestyle and well-being. This questionnaire is a 26-item tool in which the respondent is asked to indicate the frequency of adopting 26 positively stated lifestyle habits using a Likert-type scale (1 = Never or rarely, 2 = Sometimes, 3 = Often and 4 = Always) [53].
Quality of sleep	Quality of sleep will be assessed with The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), a self-administered questionnaire used to evaluate sleep quality during the past month. The validity of the PSQI has been confirmed by several studies in different patient populations and languages [54,55,56,57]. The PSQI consists of seven clinically derived components that assess sleep difficulty, and the sum of these seven component scores yields a global score of subjective sleep quality [57]. The PSQI demonstrates moderate convergent validity compared to measures of insomnia and fatigue and good divergent validity with measures of daytime sleepiness and circadian phase preference in young adults [58].
Period pain	Pain intensity will be measured using the visual analogue scale (VAS). A 100-mm line bounded by “no pain” on the left (0) and “worst pain possible” (100) on the right will be used to indicate the average pain during the period. The minimum clinically detectable difference (MCID) of this scale has been set at 30 mm [59]. It is also a scale that has been validated [60].
Psychological mediators
Perceived enjoyment	The Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) is used to evaluate perceived enjoyment of physical activity during the intervention. The questionnaire comprises 16 items, where participants rate their feelings about the physical activity they have been engaging in using a 7-point Likert scale, ranging between 1 (not at all) and 7 (very much) [61]. PACES shows a very high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.908) and the test-retest reliability indicates a good temporary agreement (Spearman rho = 0.815, p < 0.001) in adolescents with overweight and obesity [62].
Program adherence
Retention, Attendance, Duration and Intensity	These four variables will be used to measure program adherence, as described before.

WISE, Women’s Involvement in Steady Exercise; RCT, randomized controlled trial; BMI, body mass index; PPT, pressure pain threshold.