Table 3.
Mean gender difference according to sensorial processing sensitivity level (N = 10,525).
| HSPS-S Men a
(n = 1741) |
HSPS-S Women b
(n = 8784) |
Comparison of Mean | Paired Comparison of Mean (U) h | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LL c | ML d | HL e | LL | ML | HL | LL c–ML d | LL c–HL e | ML d–HL e | ||||||||||
| M (SD) |
M (SD) |
M (SD) |
M (SD) |
M (SD) |
M (SD) |
H g | p-Value | p | Cohen df | p-Value | Cohen d | p-Value | Cohen d | |||||
| Personality traits (NEO-FFI) | ||||||||||||||||||
| N | 22.32 | 25.83 | 27.38 | 24.57 | 26.47 | 28.11 | 207.97 | 0.000 *** | a | 0.000 *** | −0.58 s | a | 0.000 *** | −0.84 m | a | 0.000 *** | −0.27 s | |
| (6.35) | (5.73) | (5.74) | (5.74) | (5.59) | (5.87) | 523.31 | 0.000 *** | b | 0.000 *** | −0.33 s | b | 0.000 *** | −0.61 m | b | 0.000 *** | −0.29 s | ||
| E | 25.56 | 22.74 | 21.51 | 25.58 | 23.46 | 21.90 | 102.88 | 0.000 *** | a | 0.000 *** | 0.41 s | a | 0.000 *** | 0.58 s | a | 0.000 *** | 0.18 s | |
| (7.19) | (6.47) | (6.77) | (6.73) | (6.30) | (6.27) | 450.36 | 0.000 *** | b | 0.000 *** | 0.32 s | b | 0.000 *** | 0.56 s | b | 0.000 *** | 0.25 s | ||
| C | 28.22 | 28.29 | 30.51 | 29.41 | 30.17 | 31.74 | 42.37 | 0.000 *** | a | 0.000 *** | −0.27 s | a | 0.000 *** | −0.34 m | a | 0.000 *** | −0.34 s | |
| (7.33) | (6.94) | (6.08) | (6.59) | (6.44) | (6.41) | 195.64 | 0.000 *** | b | 0.000 *** | −0.12 s | b | 0.000 *** | −0.36 s | b | 0.000 *** | −0.24 s | ||
| Coping strategies (CSI) | ||||||||||||||||||
| PS | 12.39 | 12.20 | 13.14 | 12.23 | 12.53 | 13.49 | 16.72 | 0.001 ** | a | 0.850 | −0.04 s | a | 0.002 ** | −0.17 s | a | 0.000 *** | −0.22 s | |
| (4.43) | (4.22) | (4.39) | (4.04) | (3.93) | (4.12) | 156.79 | 0.000 *** | b | 0.005 ** | −0.07 s | b | 0.000 *** | −0.31 s | b | 0.000 *** | −0.24 s | ||
| SC | 10.24 | 12.38 | 13.09 | 10.72 | 12.01 | 13.44 | 104.91 | 0.000 *** | a | 0.000 *** | −0.44 s | a | 0.000 *** | −0.59 s | a | 0.008 ** | −0.15 s | |
| (4.77) | (4.56) | (4.87) | (4.90) | (4.86) | (4.95) | 436.03 | 0.000 *** | b | 0.000 *** | −0.26 s | b | 0.000 *** | −0.55 s | b | 0.027 * | −0.29 s | ||
| EE | 7.79 | 8.63 | 10.14 | 10.32 | 10.93 | 11.74 | 80.81 | 0.000 *** | a | 0.002 ** | −0.19 s | a | 0.000 *** | −0.51 s | a | 0.000 *** | −0.33 s | |
| (4.42) | (4.39) | (4.68) | (4.59) | (4.57) | (4.84) | 125.82 | 0.000 *** | b | 0.000 *** | −0.13 s | b | 0.000 *** | −0.30 s | b | 0.000 *** | −0.17 s | ||
| WT | 10.71 | 12.58 | 14.30 | 12.22 | 13.53 | 14.95 | 152.81 | 0.000 *** | a | 0.000 *** | −0.38 s | a | 0.000 *** | −0.74 m | a | 0.000 *** | −0.37 s | |
| (5.02) | (4.60) | (4.66) | (4.91) | (4.75) | (4.58) | 476.35 | 0.000 *** | b | 0.000 *** | −0.27 s | b | 0.000 *** | −0.57 s | b | 0.000 *** | −0.30 s | ||
| SS | 8.80 | 8.56 | 9.19 | 10.09 | 9.77 | 9.71 | 4.65 | 0.098 | a | 0.653 | 0.05 s | a | 0.341 | −0.08 s | a | 0.065 | −0.13 s | |
| (4.47) | (4.53) | (4.98) | (4.94) | (4.73) | (5.04) | 8.97 | 0.011 * | b | 0.020 * | 0.07 s | b | 0.005 ** | 0.08 s | b | 0.632 | 0.01 s | ||
| CR | 10.96 | 10.77 | 11.50 | 10.81 | 11.08 | 11.50 | 9.35 | 0.009 ** | a | 0.314 | 0.05 s | a | 0.046 * | 0.14 s | a | 0.003 ** | −0.18 s | |
| (3.72) | (3.77) | (4.08) | (3.82) | (3.81) | (4.02) | 41.99 | 0.000 *** | b | 0.004 ** | −0.07 s | b | 0.000 *** | −0.17 s | b | 0.000 *** | −0.11 s | ||
| PA | 6.36 | 5.70 | 5.46 | 5.47 | 5.17 | 4.94 | 22.06 | 0.000 *** | a | 0.001 ** | 0.18 s | a | 0.000 *** | 0.24 s | a | 0.180 | 0.06 s | |
| (3.63) | (3.65) | (3.72) | (3.44) | (3.46) | (3.73) | 49.94 | 0.000 *** | b | 0.004 ** | 0.09 s | b | 0.000 *** | 0.15 s | b | 0.034 * | 0.06 s | ||
| SW | 8.88 | 10.18 | 10.88 | 7.83 | 8.96 | 9.82 | 58.78 | 0.000 *** | a | 0.001 ** | −0.29 s | a | 0.000 *** | −0.44 s | a | 0.017 * | −0.16 s | |
| (4.56) | (4.30) | (4.44) | (4.24) | (4.16) | (4.37) | 316.09 | 0.000 *** | b | 0.001 ** | −0.27 s | b | 0.000 *** | −0.46 s | b | 0.000 *** | −0.20 s | ||
| Short Form Health Survey (SF36) | ||||||||||||||||||
| MH | 58.69 | 49.80 | 46.43 | 54.21 | 49.47 | 45.28 | 142.32 | 0.000 *** | a | 0.000 *** | 0.48 s | a | 0.000 *** | 0.70 m | a | 0.002 ** | 0.20 s | |
| (18.05) | (16.91) | (16.58) | (16.53) | (15.70) | (15.89) | 416.44 | 0.000 *** | b | 0.000 *** | 0.17 s | b | 0.000 *** | 0.43 s | b | 0.000 *** | 0.26 s | ||
| V | 56.55 | 49.78 | 46.66 | 51.22 | 46.47 | 42.15 | 83.42 | 0.000 *** | a | 0.000 *** | 0.35 s | a | 0.000 *** | 0.48 s | a | 0.013 * | 0.17 s | |
| (18.79) | (17.88) | (18.46) | (17.16) | (16.78) | (17.80) | 376.02 | 0.000 *** | b | 0.000 *** | 0.28 s | b | 0.000 *** | 0.52 s | b | 0.000 *** | 0.25 s | ||
| ERF | 68.66 | 63.40 | 60.01 | 65.89 | 61.20 | 55.79 | 126.39 | 0.000 *** | a | 0.000 *** | 0.24 s | a | 0.000 *** | 0.38 s | a | 0.001 ** | 0.16 s | |
| (20.15) | (20.29) | (19.89) | (20.01) | (20.64) | (21.73) | 407.15 | 0.000 *** | b | 0.000 *** | 0.23 s | b | 0.000 *** | 0.48 s | b | 0.000 *** | 0.25 s | ||
*** p ≤ 0.001 ** p ≤ 0.01 * p ≤ 0.05. a Men; b Women; c LL = Low-level SPS; d ML = Medium-level SPS; e HL = High-level SPS. Cohen df: effect size: small magnitude ratio: <0.30; mean: between 0.30 and 0.49; high: >0.49. Total SPS = Total HSPS-S: LL (low level): Percentile < 34 [Men = 140 (n = 579), Women = 151 (n = 2917)]; ML (medium level): Percentile 34–66 [(Men = 141–159 (n = 577), Women = 152–167 (n = 2948)]; HL (high level): Percentile > 66 [Men = 160 (n = 585), Women = 168 (n = 2919)]. N = Neuroticism; E = Extraversion; C = Conscientiousness; PS = Problem solving; SC= Self-criticism; EE = Emotional expression; WT = Wishful thinking; SS = Social support; CR = Cognitive restructuring; PA = Problem avoidance; SW = Social withdrawal; MH = Mental health; V = Vitality; ERF = Emotional role functioning. g Comparison of mean: H = Kruskal–Wallis. h Paired comparison of mean: U = Mann–Whitney.