Table 2.
The effects of feeding plant polyphenol extracts and flaxseed on fat content and fatty acid concentrations in the yolk of cooked eggs from slow-growing Sasso laying hens.
| Fatty Acids (mg/g) | 1 Treatments | Random Effect |
p-Value | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FS | VE8 | DA8 | TS8 | CD8 | ||||||||
| Mean | 95% [LCL, UCL] | Mean | 95% [LCL, UCL] | Mean | 95% [LCL, UCL] | Mean | 95% [LCL, UCL] | Mean | 95% [LCL, UCL] | |||
| C14:0 | 0.79 | [0.71, 0.85] | 0.81 | [0.74, 0.87] | 0.79 | [0.72, 0.85] | 0.83 | [0.76, 0.89] | 0.81 | [0.74 0.87] | non 0 | 0.8464 |
| C16:0 | 63.90 | [61.1, 66.7] | 65.60 | [62.9, 68.4] | 63.70 | [61.0, 66.5] | 66.40 | [63.7, 69.2] | 65.60 | [62.8, 68.3] | non 0 | 0.5566 |
| C18:0 | 21.70 | [20.6, 22.8] | 22.60 | [21.5, 23.7] | 22.10 | [21.0, 23.2] | 22.30 | [21.2, 23.4] | 23.60 | [22.5, 24.7] | non 0 | 0.16807 |
| C14:1cis-9 | 0.16 | [0.13, 0.18] | 0.16 | [0.12, 0.18] | 0.16 | [0.12, 0.18] | 0.17 | [0.13, 0.19] | 0.16 | [0.12, 0.18] | non 0 | 0.981 |
| C16:1cis-9 | 7.07 | [6.27, 7.87] | 6.99 | [6 19, 7.80] | 6.91 | [6.11, 7.71] | 7.43 | [6.63, 8.24] | 7.00 | [6.19, 7.80] | non 0 | 0.8927 |
| C18:2n-6 | 34.60 | [31.2, 38.0] | 35.50 | [32.1, 38.9] | 36.40 | [33.0, 39.8] | 38.90 | [35.5, 42.3] | 36.00 | [32.6, 39.4] | non 0 | 0.4476 |
| C18:3n-3 | 6.42 a | [5.44,7.39] | 7.22 ab | [6.25, 8.19] | 8.16 b | [7.19, 9.12] | 8.48 b | [7.51, 9.45] | 7.99 b | [7.02, 8.96] | non 0 | 0.03423 |
| C20:4n-6 | 4.01 | [3.73, 4.29] | 3.97 | [3.69, 4.25] | 3.65 | [3.37, 3.93] | 4.15 | [3.87, 4.43] | 3.82 | [3.54, 4.10] | non 0 | 0.1302 |
| C20:5n-3 | 0.17 a | [0.13, 0.19] | 0.17 a | [0.14, 0.20] | 0.19 ab | [0.16, 0.22] | 0.23 b | [0.20, 0.26] | 0.18 ab | [0.15, 0.21] | non 0 | 0.0165 |
| C22:5n-3 | 0.83 a | [0.63, 1.02] | 1.26 b | [1.07, 1.45] | 1.05 ab | [0.86, 1.24] | 1.44 c | [1.25, 1.63] | 1.05 ab | [0.86, 1.24] | non 0 | 0.00095 |
| C22:6n-3 | 6.06 a | [5.70, 6.42] | 6.74 b | [6.38, 7.11] | 6.56 ab | [6.20, 6.93] | 7.45 c | [7.09,7.81] | 6.67 bc | [6.31, 7.04] | non 0 | 0.00023 |
| 2 ∑SFA | 87.10 | [83.9, 90.4] | 89.90 | [86.6, 93.1] | 87.40 | [84.2, 90.6] | 90.50 | [87.3, 93.7] | 90.80 | [87.6, 94.0] | non 0 | 0.32185 |
| 3 ∑MUFA | 116 | [112, 121] | 120 | [115, 124] | 117 | [113, 122] | 118 | [113, 122] | 120 | [115, 124] | non 0 | 0.71882 |
| 4 ∑ PUFA | 54.10 | [49.8, 58.4] | 57.00 | [52.7, 61.2] | 58.00 | [53.7, 62.3] | 62.90 | [58.6, 67.2] | 57.70 | [53.2, 62.0] | non 0 | 0.08507 |
| ∑ n-3 PUFAs | 13.6 a | [12.40, 14.90] | 15.6 b | [14.40, 16.80] | 16.20 bc | [15.00, 7.40] | 17.90 c | [16.60, 19.10] | 16.10 bc | [14.90, 17.30] | non 0 | 0.00099 |
| ∑ n-6 PUFA | 40.20 | [36.70, 43.70] | 41.20 | [37.70, 44.70] | 41.60 | [38.10, 45.10] | 44.80 | [41.30, 48.30] | 41.30 | [37.80, 44.80] | non 0 | 0.3988 |
| Fat (%) | 25.70 | [24.9, 26.6] | 26.60 | [25.8, 27.5] | 26.30 | [25.4, 27.1] | 27.10 | [26.3, 27.9] | 26.80 | [26.0, 27.7] | non 0 | 0.18607 |
Estimated marginal means (emmeans) with 95% upper confidence (UCL) and lower confidence limits (LCL) (n = 70); emmeans within a row with a, b, c different superscript letters are significantly different at p < 0.05. 1 FS: 75 g of flaxseed + no antioxidant sources, VE8: 75 g of flaxseed + 800 mg of α-tocopherol/kg, DA8: 75 g of flaxseed + 800 mg of D. angustifolia extract/kg, TS8: 75 g of flaxseed + 800 mg of T. schimperi/kg, CD8: 75 g of flaxseed + 800 mg of C. domestica/kg of diet. 2 Sum of saturated fatty acids. 3 Sum of monounsaturated fatty acids. 4 Sum of polyunsaturated fatty acids.