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. 2023 May 5;20(9):5728. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20095728

Table 3.

A summary of significant results of the analysis of variance, considering the analysis within moments in each group and between groups (TT-FES and TT). The arrows indicate that the TT-FES presented better results considering all moments together (effect for Groups) compared with TT in the LEMOCOT (paretic limb), TUG, and 6MWT. The opposite occurred for TUG, with no differences between groups for FMA, BBS, and LEMOCOT (non-paretic limb).

Comparison within Moments Comparison between Groups
A-B (Started with TT-FES) B-A (Started with TT) Effect for Moments A-B B-A Effects for Groups
1 vs. 2 2 vs. 3 1 vs. 3 1 vs. 2 2 vs. 3 1 vs. 3 Started with TT-FES Started with TT
FMA p = 0.008 - p = 0.017 p = 0.001 - p = 0.035 F(2, 40)=7.41, p=0.002, ηp2= 0.27 - - -
BBS p = 0.012 - p = 0.003 - - p = 0.035 F(2, 40)=8.64, p=0.003, ηp2= 0.30 - - -
LEMOCOT
(non-paretic limb)
p = 0.005 - p = 0.001 - - p = 0.015 F(2, 40)=12.6, p < 0.001, ηp2= 0.39 - - -
LEMOCOT (paretic limb) - - - - - p = 0.026 F(2, 40)=3.98, p=0.028, ηp2= 0.06 F(1, 20)=5.89, p=0.025, ηp2= 0.23
10MWT - - - - - - - F(1, 20)=3.67, p=0.070, ηp2= 0.16
TUG p = 0.004 - p < 0.001 - - - F(2, 40)=10.9, p=0.001, ηp2= 0.35 F(1, 20)=7.16, p=0.015, ηp2= 0.26
6MWT p = 0.029 - p = 0.032 - - p = 0.005 F(2, 40) = 9.52, p = 0.001, ηp2= 0.32 F(1, 20)=4.00, p=0.059, ηp2= 0.17

A-B Group, initial protocol treadmill training with stimulation followed by treadmill training without stimulation; B-A Group, initial protocol treadmill training without stimulation followed by treadmill training with stimulation; vs., versus; FMA, Fugl-Meyer Assessment; BBS, Berg Balance Scale; LEMOCOT, Lower Motor Coordination Test; 10 MWT, 10-Meter Walk Test; TUG, Time Up and Go Test; 6MWT, 6-Minute Walk Test; FES, Functional Electrical Stimulation; Moments, 1: baseline assessment, 2: assessment after 6 interventions; 3 assessment after 12 interventions and crossover; TT-FES, treadmill sequence of training with the use of FES; TT treadmill sequence of training without electrical stimulation.