Table 2.

Vectors of immune response (I) [460,461,462,463,464,465,466,467,468,469,470].

I	Th (TFs), Cytokines: Activators and *-Inhibitors	Main Cytokines Th	Other Cells (TFs; Cytokines Production // Reception; *-Inhibitors)	Major Role in Inflammation	Complications
I1	Th1(T-bet, STAT4, STAT1); IL-12, IFN-γ; IL-4 *, IL-10 *	IFN-γ, IL-2, CXCL10, CXCL11	M1 (STAT1, NF-κB, IRF9; TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-15, IL-23, CXCL9// IFN-γ, TNF-α; IL-10 *, TGF-β *), CTL, NK, ILC1 (IFN-γ)	Response to intracellular infection, antitumor immunity	Autoimmune processes, allograft rejection
I2	Th2 (GATA3, STAT5, STAT6); IL-4, IL-25, IL-33; IFN-γ *, TGF-β *, IL-12 *	IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-25, CCL17, CCL22	M2a (STAT6, STAT3, GATA3, PPAR; IL-6, IL-10, CCL17 // IL-4, IL-13, IL-33), Tc2 (IL-5, IL-13), mast cells, basophils, ILC2 (IL-4), epithelial cells, eosinophils	Antimetazoan immunity, chronic inflammation, inflammation in damage-sensitive tissues	Allergic processes, I1 suppression, tissue fibrosis
I3	Th17 (RORγt, RORα, STAT3, STAT5); IL-1β, IL-6, IL-23, TGFβ; IL-10*	IL-17A/F, IL-21, IL-22, CCL20, CXCL-1,7,20	M2b (NF-kB, IRF3; TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, CCL1 // IL-17A/F, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-23; IL-10 *), Tc17 (IL-17), neutrophils, ILC3	Response to extracellular infection	Autoimmune processes, allograft rejection
I3	Th22 (RUNX3, AHR, STAT3); IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α	IL-22, CCL-2, 20, CXCL-9, 10, 11, FGF	Epithelial cells, Langerhans cells	Protection of the epidermis against extracellular infection	Autoimmune skin processes
Ireg	Treg (FOXP3, STAT3/5, SMAD2/3, RORγt GATA3,); IL-2, IL-10, TGF-β	TGFβ, IL-10, CCL4	M-reg, M2c (SMAD2, SMAD3, STAT3; IL-10, TGFβ, CXCL13 // IL-10, TGF-β), Tr1 (IL-10, IFN-γ), Tc-reg (TGFβ, IL-10), ILC10 (IL-10)	Limiting the expression of I1 and i3, inhibition of the autoimmune process	I1 and I3 immunosuppression

Note: *- Inhibitors of immune response; TFs—Transcription factors (with the main TFs underlined); Th—CD4+ T-helper; CTL—Cytotoxic T lymphocytes, or Tc1; NK—Natural killer cells; Tc—CD8+ T cells; Treg—CD4+ regulatory T cells; ILC—Innate lymphoid cells; Tr1—Type 1 regulatory T cells (CD4+). Some authors categorize Th9 as well, which are induced by TGF-β and IL-4 from Th2 precursors (the main TF is PU.1). Th9 cells are major producers of IL-9, contribute to anti-tumor immunity (in contrast to Th2), but may also participate in autoimmune processes [466,467,468,469,470,471,472,473,474,475]. Pro-inflammatory Th-GMs are the primary T-cells producing GM-CSF. Simultaneously, Th-GMs actively produce IL-2, TNF-α, IL-3, and CCL20, and when T-bet expression increases, they can also actively secrete IFN-γ [476].