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. 2023 May 8;18:2359–2370. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S393878

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© 2023 Zhao et al.

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Co-MMSN enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs. (A and B) Typical ALP staining at day 7 for ALP activity and ARS staining at day 21 for calcium mineral deposition in rBMSCs treated with PBS or Co-MMSN with different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 25, 50 ug/mL). (C and D) Quantitative analysis of ALP activity and calcium mineral deposition. The *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.