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. 2023 Apr 25;24(9):7831. doi: 10.3390/ijms24097831

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(A) Main histone tail changes caused by long-term opioid exposure on specific brain areas in rodents and humans. (B) Main deregulated miRNA and targets in specific brain areas following long-term opioid exposure in mouse models. Basolateral and central amygdala (BLA and CeA, respectively), dorsal stiatum (dStri), hippocampus (HPC), locus coeruleus (LC), nucleus accumbens (NAcc), ventral stiatum (dStri), ventral tegmental area (VTA), ventrolateral orbitofrontal cortex (VLO). Data extracted from [12]. -, stable levels; ↑, increased levels; ↓, decreased levels.