Table 6.

Fragrant compounds with appetite-reducing effects in animal models.

No.	Fragrant Compounds	Route of Administration	Dose	Duration	Model	Mechanism	References
1	Citral	Mix with diet	3900, 7800, 15,600, 31,300 ppm	14 weeks	F344/N rats	n/a	[33]
2	Limonene	Inhalation	5000× dilution in water	6 weeks	Wistar rats, C57BL/6J mice	Increase adrenal SNA, decrease gastric PSNA	[38]
3	D-Limonene	Inhalation	Flow rate: 200 mL/min	10 min	Blowflies	n/a	[42]
4	β-Citronellol	Inhalation	100× dilution in water	35 days	Sprague Dawley rats	Increase BAT SNA	[48]
5	Thymol	Oral	12 mg/kg	Twice per day for 4 weeks	Wistar rats	Lower the elevated serum leptin level (reduced leptin resistance) in obese rats	[60]
6	trans-Anethole	Oral	250 mg/kg	10 weeks	Wistar rats	n/a	[63]
7	1,8-Cineole	Mix with diet	2% (w/w) of diet	n/a	Western grey kangaroos	n/a	[72]

BAT, brown adipose tissue; n/a, not applicable; PSNA, parasympathetic nerve activity; SNA, sympathetic nerve activity.