Table 10.

Fragrant compounds showing varied appetite-related effects in animal models.

No.	Fragrant Compounds	Route of Administration	Dose	Duration	Model	Effects on Appetite	Mechanism	References
1	Benzylacetone	Inhalation	4.5 × 10−4 mg/cage	1 h	ddY mice	Increase	Increase NPY mRNA expression	[54]
		Intraperitoneal injection	0.01–1 μg/kg	1 h	ddY mice	No effect	n/a	[54]
		Inhalation	7.4 × 10−8–7.4 × 10−2 mg/cm3	5–60 min	ddY mice	Increase	n/a	[55]
		Inhalation	7.4 × 10−8–7.4 × 10−2 mg/cm3	5–60 min	ddY mice	Increase	n/a	[65]
		Inhalation	4.5 × 10−4 mg/cage	1 h	ddY mice	Increase	n/a	[67]
2	Eugenol	Inhalation	4.5 × 10−4 mg/cage	1 h	ddY mice	Increase	n/a	[53]
		Inhalation	4.5 × 10−4–2.5 × 10−3 mg/cage	1 h	ddY mice	Increase	n/a	[61]
		Intraperitoneal injection	0.01–1 μg/kg	1 h	ddY mice	No effect	n/a	[61]
		Inhalation	4.5 × 10−4 mg/cage	1 h	ddY mice	Increase	n/a	[67]
3	trans-Anethole	Inhalation	4.5 × 10−4 mg/cage	1 h	ddY mice	Increase	n/a	[53]
		Oral	250 mg/kg	10 weeks	Wistar rats	Decrease	n/a	[63]
		Inhalation	4.5 × 10−4 mg/cage	1 h	ddY mice	Increase	n/a	[67]
4	Vanillin	Inhalation	4.5 × 10−5–4.5 × 10−3 mg/cage	1 h	ddY mice	Increase	n/a	[61]
		Intraperitoneal injection	0.01–1 μg/kg	1 h	ddY mice	No effect	n/a	[61]

n/a, not applicable; NPY, neuropeptide Y.