Table 2.

Biological markers of oxidative stress in schizophrenia.

Marker	Method	Material	Result	References
Carbonyl groups/3-nitro tyrosine	ELISA	Plasma	Elevated in schizophrenia	[18,19]
Protein oxidation	Spectroscopy	Plasma	Elevated in schizophrenia acute psychothic attack	[20]
Total oxidized guanine species	ELISA	Serum	Elevated in schizophrenia	[20]
Tryptophan	Fluorescence	Plasma	Decreased in schizophrenia	[21]
8-Hydroxy-2′-Deoxyguanosine	Flow cytometry ELISA Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry	Lymphocytes Plasma cell-free DNA Serum Plasma Urine	Elevated in different forms of schizophrenia	Summarised in [25]