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Scheme of the most relevant pathways for LPS detection in human cells. Left: detection of intracellular LPS via caspase proteins causes the assembly of a supramolecular complex called inflammasome, which induces the initiation of the potent inflammatory process called pyroptosis. Right: detection of extracellular LPS via the TLR4 receptor complex and initiation of inflammatory responses via the MyD88 and TRIF signaling cascades.
