Table 1.

Structural properties of lipid A variants. The table includes the number and distribution of sugar groups (*) in the form of “a (b + c)”, where a is the total number of sugars, b is the number of groups attached to GlcN II, and c the number attached to GlcN I. Furthermore, the number of phosphate groups (**) is given; groups are distributed symmetrically if not stated otherwise. If no information is given for the agonistic activity (***), the literature did not provide data. For bacteria, most abundant structure is denoted as “major”, others as “minor”.

Bacteria	Sugar Groups *	Phosphate Groups **	Lipid A Acyl Chains	Length of Acyl Chains	Agonistic Activity ***	Citation
Acinetobacter baumannii		2	6 (4 + 2) 7 (4 + 3)	12–14	Agonist	[46]
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans		2	6 (4 + 2)	14	Agonist	[47]
Alcaligenes faecalis		2	6 (3 + 3)	10–14	Weak agonist	[48]
Aquifex pyrophilus	2 (1 + 1)	0	5 (3 + 2)	14–18	Weak/No agonist	[23]
Bacteroides fragilis		1 (0 + 1)	5 (3 + 2)	15–17	Weak agonist	[49]
Bacteroides vulgatus		1 (0 + 1)	5 (3 + 2)	15–17	Weak agonist	[50]
Bartonella quintana		2	5 (3 + 2)	12–26	Antagonist	[51]
Bordetella parapertussis		2	6 (4 + 2)	10–16	Weak/No agonist	[34]
Bordetella pertussis		2	5 (3 + 2)	10–14	Agonist	[34]
Bradyrhizobium elkanii	3 (2 + 1)	0	6 (4 + 2)	12–28	Weak agonist/ antagonist	[24]
Brucella spp.		1 (1 + 0)	7 (4 + 3)	12–16	-	[30]
Burkholderia multivorans	2 (1 + 1)	2	5 (3 + 2)	14–16	Agonist	[52]
Campylobacter jejuni		2 (2 + 0)	6 (4 + 2)	14–16	Agonist	[53]
Chlamydia trachomatis		2	5 (3 + 2)	14–20	Antagonist	[54]
Chromobacterium violaceum		2	6 (3 + 3)	10–12	Antagonist	[55]
Colwellia hornerae		2	5 (3 + 2)	9–14	-	[56]
Colwellia piezophila		2	5 (3 + 2)	9–14	-	[56]
Echinicola pacifica	1 (1 + 0)	1 (0 + 1)	4 (2 + 2)	15–17	Antagonist	[26]
Echinicola vietnamensis	1 (1 + 0)	1 (0 + 1)	4 (2 + 2)	15–16	Antagonist	[26]
Escherichia coli		2	6 (4 + 2)	12–14	Agonist	[57]
Escherichia coli (12 °C)		2	6 (3 + 3)	12–14	-	[40]
Francisella tularensis	1 (0 + 1)	1 (0 + 1)	4 (2 + 2)	16–18	No agonist and no antagonist	[58,59]
Fusobacterium nucleatum		2	6 (4 + 2)	14–16	Agonist	[60]
Haemophilus influenzae		2	6 (4 + 2)	14	Agonist	[61]
Halobacteroides lacunaris		2	6 (3 + 3)	10–12	Antagonist	[62]
Helicobacter pylori		Minor 2 Major 1 (0 + 1)	Minor 6 (4 + 2) Major 4 (2 + 2)	Minor 12–18 Major 16–18	Major antagonist	[63]
Klebsiella pneumoniae		2	6 (4 + 2)	12–14	Agonist	[64]
Legionella pneumophila		2	6 (4 + 2)	14–27	No agonist	[27]
Liberibacter crescens		1 (0 + 1)	5 (3 + 2)	14–28	-	[65]
Marinomonas vaga		1 (0 + 1)	5 (2 + 3)	10–12	Weak agonist	[66]
Moraxella catarrhalis		3 (1 + 2)	7 (3 + 4)	10–12	Agonist	[21,67]
Neisseria meningitidis		2	6 (3 + 3)	12–14	Agonist	[68]
Pasteurella multocida (major)		1 (1 + 0)	5 (4 + 1)	14	-	[35]
Pasteurella multocida (minor)	1 (1 + 0)	2	6 (4 + 2)	14	Agonist	[35]
Porphyromonas gingivalis		1 (0 + 1)	5 (3 + 2)	15–17	Weak agonist	[69]
Proteus mirabilis	1 (1 + 0)	2	7 (4 + 3)	14–16	-	[70]
Pseudomonas aeruginosa		2	6 (3 + 3)	10–12	-	[71]
Psychrobacter cryohalolentis		2	6 (4 + 2)	8–12	-	[56]
Psychromonas marina		2	6 (4 + 2)	12–14	-	[72]
Ralstonia eutropha	1 (1 + 0)	2 (1 + 1)	6 (3 + 3)	14	Weak Agonist	[73]
Ralstonia mannitolilytica	2 (1 + 1)	2 (1 + 1)	6 (3 + 3)	14–16	Agonist	[73]
Ralstonia pickettii	2 (1 + 1)	2 (1 + 1)	5 (3 + 2)	14	No agonist	[73]
Rhizobium leguminosarum	1 (1 + 0)	0	5 (3 + 2)	14–28	-	[25]
Rhodobacter capsulatus		3 (1 + 2)	5 (3 + 2)	10–14	Antagonist	[20]
Rhodobacter sphaeroides		2	5 (3 + 2)	10–14	Antagonist	[33]
Salmonella minnesota		2	7 (4 + 3)	12–16	Agonist	[74]
Salmonella typhimurium		2	6 (4 + 2)	12–14	Agonist	[75]
Serratia marcescens		2	5 (4 + 1)	14	Agonist	[76]
Sphaerotilus natans		3 (2 + 1)	6 (3 + 3)	10–14	Agonist	[22]
Spiribacter salinus		2	5 (2 + 3)	10–14	-	[77]
Vibrio cholerae		2	6 (4 + 2)	12–14	-	[78]
Vibrio fischeri		1 (1 + 0)	5 (3 + 2)	12–14	-	[32]
Yersinia pestis		2	25–27 °C: 6 (4 + 2) 37 °C: 4 (2 + 2)	12–16 14	Agonist No agonist	[41,79]
Zunongwangia profunda		1 (0 + 1)	Minor 4 (2 + 2) Major 5 (3 + 2)	Minor 15–17 Major 15–17	-	[42]