Figure 10.

The effect of LPS, PA, LPS plus PA, and imipramine on ceramide and sphingomyelin contents in macrophages. The major sphingolipid pathways for ceramide generation are shown (A). RAW264.7 macrophages were stimulated with 1 ng/mL of LPS and/or 100 μM of PA for 24 h in the absence or presence of 50 mM of imipramine. After the treatments, cellular-total sphingomyelin (B), total ceramide (C), and several major ceramide species (D–G) were quantified using Lipidomics as described in Methods. The data are means ± SD (n = 2).