Table 4.
Effect of tobacco smoking on the development of cardiovascular disease.
| Group | Non-Smoker | Ex-Smoker | Current Smoker | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Total, no. | 175,678 | 53,584 | 53,826 |
| Events, no. | 11,994 | 3240 | 3750 | |
| Person-years | 845,810 | 259,027 | 258,893 | |
| Adjusted * HR | 1 (ref) | 0.95 (0.91–1.00) | 1.24 (1.19–1.30) | |
| MAFLD | Total, no. | 52,159 | 29,050 | 29,654 |
| Events, no. | 4583 | 1860 | 2245 | |
| Person-years | 248,422 | 140,148 | 142,167 | |
| Adjusted * HR | 1 (ref) | 0.92 (0.86–0.97) | 1.22 (1.15–1.30) | |
| Control | Total, no. | 123,519 | 24,534 | 24,172 |
| Events, no. | 7411 | 1380 | 1505 | |
| Person-years | 597,388 | 118,880 | 116,726 | |
| Adjusted * HR | 1 (ref) | 0.96 (0.90–1.03) | 1.21 (1.13–1.29) | |
| Subgroup: liver cirrhosis | Total, no. | 166 | 126 | 156 |
| Events, no. | 15 | 8 | 19 | |
| Person-years | 782 | 595 | 724 | |
| Adjusted * HR | 1 (ref) | 0.84 (0.34–2.11) | 1.79 (0.83–3.88) |
Abbreviations: no., number; HR, hazard ratio. * Adjusted for age, sex, alcohol drinking, exercise, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and presence of cirrhosis.