Table 2.

Cochrane risk of bias assessment of included studies.

	Study	Random Sequence Generation	Allocation Concealment	Blinding of Participants and Personnel	Blinding of Outcome Assessment	Incomplete Outcome Data	Selective Reporting	Overall Risk of Bias
1	Lindenberg et al., 2022 [47]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Some concerns
2	Kim et al., 2012 [43]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
3	Du et al., 2010 [48]	Low	Unclear	High	Low	Low	Low	some concerns
4	Uysal et al., 2018 [49]	Low	Unclear	High	Unclear	High	Unclear	High
5	Yi Zhao et al., 2022 [52]	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear
6	Park et al., 2016 [51]	Low	Low	High	High	Low	High	moderate to high risk
7	Haug et al., 2022 [53]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
8	Walther et al., 2012 [54]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Some concerns
9	Akgül-Gündoğdu et al., 2022 [50]	Low	Low	High	Low	Low	Low	Unclear
10	Yang et al., 2017 [46]	Low	High	High	Low	Low	Low	High

Table Legend: Low bias: The study’s methods adequately addressed potential biases. Studies with low bias are more reliable; High risk of bias: Study methods may have brought significant bias. Studies with a high bias risk are less reliable; Risk is unclear: There is not sufficient information to determine if the study’s methods reported bias; Some concerns: The study’s methods may have added some bias, but it’s unlikely to have influenced the results.