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. 2023 May 6;24(9):8358. doi: 10.3390/ijms24098358

Figure 3.

Figure 3

The pro-inflammatory signaling pathways activated by macrophages mainly include NF-Kappa B, Jak/Stat, IL-6 receptor family, and the Toll-like receptor signal pathway. The activation of these pathways has been strongly associated with the transformation of pro-inflammatory macrophages. The key protein molecules in these pathways are widely studied in the progression of inflammatory transformation.