Table 3.
Genetically related mechanisms in CRSwNP.
| Genetic Related Mechanisms | Description | Ref. |
|---|---|---|
| Positive family histories | 14% of patients with CRSwNP have positive family histories. | [186] |
| 25% had 1 or more first-degree relatives with nasal polyps | [173] | |
| First-degree relatives(1stDRs) of CRSwNP patients demonstrated a 4.1-fold increased risk of carrying the same diagnosis; second-degree relatives (2ndDRs) demonstrated a 3.3-fold increased risk; no increased risk was observed in spouses of CRSwNP patients. | [187] | |
| Heritability | Heritability ranges from 14% to 42% | [172] |
| AERD had the highest heritability (42%), followed by nasal polyps with asthma (30%) and common nasal polyps (15%) | [173] | |
| Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with autoimmune | HLA-DRA polymorphism | [174] |
| HLA-DR7-DQA1*0201 and HLA-DQB1*0202 | [175,176] | |
| SNPs in TLR2: Rs3804099 and RS3804100 | [178] | |
| The polymorphism C-159T in the CD14 gene | [182] | |
| epigenetic modifications | The promoter of IL-8 is hypomethylated | [183] |
| Hypermethylation of proximal PLAT | [185] | |
| Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin b (SEB) influences the DNA methylation pattern in nasal polyp tissue | [88] |