Symbol	Description	Symbol	Description
$\rho$	Density	${\tilde{\sigma }}_0$	Shear hardening function
$E_1$	Young’s modulus along fiber direction 1	$r_{\alpha }$	Axial damage thresholds
$E_2$	Young’s modulus along fiber direction 2	$r_{12}$	Shear damage threshold
$E_2$	Though-thickness Young’s modulus	$X_{\alpha }$	Tensile/compressive strength along the fiber directions
$G_{12}$	In-plane shear modulus	$d_1$	Tensile/compressive damage variable along direction 1
$G_{13}$	Out of plane shear modulus	$d_2$	Tensile/compressive damage variable along direction 2
${\nu }_{12}$	In-plane Poisson’s ratio	$d_{12}$	Shear damage variable
$X_{1+}$	Tensile strength along direction 1	$g_0^{\alpha }$	Elastic energy density
$X_{1-}$	Compressive strength along direction 1	$L_e$	Characteristic length of the element
$X_{2+}$	Tensile strength along direction 2	${\overline{\epsilon }}^{pl}$	Plastic strain due to shear deformation
$X_{2-}$	Compressive strength along direction 2	$k_n$	Elastic normal interlaminar stiffness
$S_{12}$	In-plane shear strength	$k_s$	Elastic shear interlaminar stiffness
$G_f^{\alpha }$	Intralaminar fracture toughness along direction 1 and 2	$k_t$	Elastic tangential interlaminar stiffness
${\alpha }_{12}$	Parameter in the equation of shear damage	${\tau }_n^0$	Maximum normal contact stress
$d_{12}^{max}$	Maximum shear damage	${\tau }_s^0$	Maximum 1st shear contact stress
$C$	Coefficient in hardening equation	${\tau }_t^0$	Maximum 2nd shear contact stress
$\mathrm{l}p$	Power term in hardening equation	$G_{Ic}$	Interlaminar normal fracture toughness
$F_{\alpha }$	Axial damage activation function	$G_{IIc}$	Interlaminar 1st shear fracture toughness
$F_{12}$	Shear damage activation function	$G_{IIIc}$	Interlaminar 2nd shear fracture toughness
$F_{pl}$	Plasticity activation function	𝜂	Benzeggagh–Kenane exponent
${\tilde{\sigma }}_{\alpha }$	Effective tensile/compressive stress	$\mu$	Friction coefficient
${\tilde{\sigma }}_{y0}$	Initial effective shear yield stress	M	Parameter defined for the cohesive zone model
${\tilde{\sigma }}_{12}$	Effective shear stress	$N_e$	Number of elements in the cohesive zone