. 2023 Apr 24;16(9):3342. doi: 10.3390/ma16093342

Table 1.

Representative results for synthesis methods and optical sensing applications of the rhodium- and platinum-based nanomaterials.

	Synthesis Methods	Optical Sensing Applications	Ref.
Rh-based nanomaterials	• Chemical reduction of RhCl $_{3}$ with alkaline 2,7-DHN on DNA scaffolds under UV-light irradiation.	• SERS sensing by ultra-small, self-assembled RhNPs on DNA scaffold.	[78]
	• Co-reduction of the metal precursors by polyol at elevated temperature.	• SERS sensing by Ag–Rh nanomaterials.	[81]
	• Chemical reduction of RhCl $_{3}$ with NaBH $_{4}$ on DNA scaffolds.	• SERS sensing by Rh@DNA NPs.	[82]
	• Polyol synthesis. (Chemical reduction of Na $_{3}$ RhCl $_{6}$ by ethylene glycol).	• SERS sensing by RhNP multipods (Tripod and tetrapod RhNPs).	[79]
	• Electron-beam physical-vapor-deposition.	• MEF sensing by RhNP substrates.	[84]
Pt-based nanomaterials	• Chemical reduction of H $_{2}$ PtCl $_{6}$ and physical ablation from bulk Pt.	• SERS sensing by PtNPs.	[90]
	• Electrodeposition of Pd or Pt through a template of self-assembled polystyrene latex spheres onto a suitable conducting surface.	• SERS sensing by structured Pt and Pd surfaces.	[95]
	• Chemical reduction of H $_{2}$ PtCl $_{6}$ with sodium citrate, sodium borohydride, and L-ascorbic acid.	• Gap-enhanced Raman scattering of 4-ABT positioned in the gaps formed by a flat Ag substrate and 20–150 nm PtNPs.	[91]
	• Synthesis of Pt nanocubes, Pt nanospheres, Au core Pt shell (Au@Pt), and Au core Pd shell (Au@Pd) nanoparticles from chemical reduction.	• Shaping and shelling PtNPs and PdNPs for UV–SERS.	[94]
	• Chemical reduction of H $_{2}$ PtCl $_{6}$ using a multistep seed-mediated approach.	• SERS sensing of melamine by PtNPs with different shapes and sizes.	[96]
	• Deposition on the n-type Si substrate by galvanic displacement method.	• SERS sensing by Pt- and Pd-nanostructures.	[80]
	• Core-shell Au@Pt NPs by seed-mediated chemical method. (Synthesis of Au seeds by the Frens method, and then deposition of the Pt shells on the Au surface by in situ reduction. )	• Simultaneous identification of multiple mitochondrial ROS in living cells by a SERS-based nanoprobe (core-shell Au@Pt NPs).	[101]
	• Synthesis of AuNPs by citrate reduction of HAuCl $_{4}$ , and then synthesis of core-shell Au@Pt NPs by reduction of H $_{2}$ PtCl $_{6}$ with ascorbic acid.	• Ag@Pt NPs as an enzymatic reporter to identify microcystin-leucine arginine antibodies.	[99]
	• Chemical reduction of PtCl $_{2}$ in ethylene glycol under boiling for 3 h by Lewera polylene method.	• SERS and TERS studies for the selective adsorption of PBA–PA derivatives on the surface of PtNPs.	[100]