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. 2023 Apr 28;28(9):3798. doi: 10.3390/molecules28093798

Table 1.

Comparison of bioimaging modalities.

Imaging Technique Advantages [23,24] Disadvantages [23,24] Imaging Probes [24,25]
PET γ-ray emission; high sensitivity; unlimited penetration; quantitative imaging High cost; low spatial resolution (better spatial resolution than SPECT); radiation exposure Radioisotopes: 18F, 64Cu, 124I, 68Ga, 89Zr, etc.
SPECT γ-ray emission; high sensitivity; unlimited penetration depth; radiotherapy Low spatial resolution; radiation exposure Radioisotopes: 99mTc, 111In, 67Ga, 123I, 177Lu, etc.
CT X-ray attenuation; high spatial resolution; anatomical imaging Radiation exposure; limited application Iodine, barium sulfate, gold particles
MRI Proton density and relaxation time; high spatial temporal resolution; soft tissue imaging; unlimited penetration Low sensitivity; long imaging acquisition time; gadolinium health effects [26] Paramagnetic, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, Gd complexes; Gd-based nanoparticles, etc.