PET |
γ-ray emission; high sensitivity; unlimited penetration; quantitative imaging |
High cost; low spatial resolution (better spatial resolution than SPECT); radiation exposure |
Radioisotopes: 18F, 64Cu, 124I, 68Ga, 89Zr, etc. |
SPECT |
γ-ray emission; high sensitivity; unlimited penetration depth; radiotherapy |
Low spatial resolution; radiation exposure |
Radioisotopes: 99mTc, 111In, 67Ga, 123I, 177Lu, etc. |
CT |
X-ray attenuation; high spatial resolution; anatomical imaging |
Radiation exposure; limited application |
Iodine, barium sulfate, gold particles |
MRI |
Proton density and relaxation time; high spatial temporal resolution; soft tissue imaging; unlimited penetration |
Low sensitivity; long imaging acquisition time; gadolinium health effects [26] |
Paramagnetic, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, Gd complexes; Gd-based nanoparticles, etc. |