. 2023 Apr 25;28(9):3704. doi: 10.3390/molecules28093704

Table 1.

Details of metabolic differentials between the three groups.

No.	Name	Formula	RT (min)	Ion mod	VIP	Model vs. Normal	20 mg/kg vs. Model
1	6-Hydroxypentadecanedioic acid	C₁₅H₂₈O₅	5.39	ESI−	2.29035	↓ ^##	↑ ****
2	Dibutyl malate	C₁₂H₂₂O₅	6.427	ESI−	1.2762	↓ ^#	↑ *
3	9-Oxononanoic acid	C₉H₁₆O₃	6.323	ESI−	1.1328	↓ ^#	↑ *
4	beta-Leucine	C₆H₁₃NO₂	2.513	ESI+	3.50429	↑ ^##	↓ *
5	(S)-Carnitine	C₇H₁₅NO₃	1.544	ESI+	1.19308	↑ ^#	↓ *
6	1-Phenyl-1,2-propanedione	C₉H₈O₂	4.946	ESI+	4.36873	↑ ^##	↓ *
7	2-coumarate	C9H8O3	2.355	ESI+	3.97959	↑ ^##	↓ *
8	3-Amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoate	C9H11NO3	2.365	ESI+	3.56817	↑ ^##	↓ *
9	3-Ureidoisobutyrate	C₅H₁₀N₂O₃	1.421	ESI+	2.07972	↑ ^#	↓ **
10	Coumarone	C₈H₆O	2.342	ESI+	1.73917	↑ ^##	↓ *
11	D-Aspartate	C₄H₇NO₄	1.418	ESI+	1.91917	↑ ^#	↓ *
12	D-Methionine	C₅H₁₁NO₂S	1.976	ESI+	2.60987	↑ ^##	↓ **
13	D-Phenylalanine	C₉H₁₁NO₂	4.92	ESI+	4.66763	↑ ^##	↓ **

Data were expressed as means ± SD (n = 6); ^# p < 0.05, ^## p < 0.01, compared with normal group; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, **** p < 0.0001, compared with model group.