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. 2023 May 12:1–11. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s12630-023-02462-x

Table 2.

Level of representation

Study year Number of Black patients enrolled Number of patients enrolled % Black Difference between study enrolment and city-based demographic (%)
Billings 201641 26 615 4 Under-representation (−23%)
Casey 201927 108 398 27 Neutral representation (0%)
Curtis 201646 12 219 6 Under-representation (−2%)
Delorme 201738 0 12 0 Under-representation (−2%)
Festic 201745 3 82 4 Under-representation (−19%)
Girard 201940 76 566 13 Under-representation (−19%)
Heyland 202043 2 155 1 Under-representation (−5%)
Jaiswal 201944 11 120 9 Over-representation (+3%)
Janz 201630 19 149 13 Under-representation (−15%)
Janz 201829 72 291 25 Under-representation (−4%)
Janz 201928 75 334 23 Over-representation (+4%)
Limaye 201737 17 160 11 Under-representation (−14%)
Moss 201634 9 120 8 Under-representation (−4%)
Schell-Chaple 201739 2 41 5 Under-representation (−1%)
Semler 201631 19 149 13 Under-representation (−15%)
Semler 201733 72 291 25 Under-representation (−4%)
Semler 201832 2,165 15,802 14 Under-representation (−14%)
Sims 201936 82 100 82 Over-representation (+38%)
Skrobik 201842 1 100 1 Under-representation (−13%)
STARRT-AKI 202047 27 869 3 Under-representation (−4%)
Swan 201635 42 325 13 Under-representation (−10%)