Table 6.
Serum concentration of hormones related to glucose metabolism at baseline and at the end of the interventions with the food supplements containing green coffee polyphenols (GCP), beta-glucan (BG) and the mixture of GCP/BG.
| BG | GCP | GCP/BG | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C-peptide (pg/mL) | ||||
| Baseline | 1498.0 ± 113.2 | 1270.2 ± 93.0 | 1265.6 ± 101.8 | 0.340 |
| End | 1483.0 ± 105.4 | 1298.7 ± 88.1 | 1308.1 ± 77.6 | 0.339 |
| Rate of change | 0.01 ± 0.03 | 0.07 ± 0.06 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.966 |
| Ghrelin (pg/mL) | ||||
| Baseline | 482.8 ± 34.6 | 501.3 ± 42.1 | 463.3 ± 49.1 | 0.862 |
| End | 559.5 ± 48.5 | 515.16 ± 41.8 | 516.9 ± 52.9 | 0.518 |
| Rate of change | 0.19 ± 0.08 | 0.09 ± 0.07 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.765 |
| GIP (pg/mL) | ||||
| Baseline | 162.2 ± 43.95 | 146.0 ± 42.1 | 113.7 ± 27.5 | 0.654 |
| End | 165.4 ± 42.1 | 127.6 ± 34.0 | 113.8 ± 26.3 | 0.621 |
| Rate of change | 0.17 ± 0.09 | 0.07 ± 0.11 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.433 |
| GLP-1 (pg/mL) | ||||
| Baseline | 191.2 ± 6.8 | 189.0 ± 9.9 | 181.8 ± 9.9 | 0.803 |
| End | 195.9 ± 6.0 | 190.04 ± 8.54 | 190.0 ± 65.9 | 0.585 |
| Rate of change | 0.04 ± 0.03 | 0.06 ± 0.06 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.433 |
| Glucagon (pg/mL) | ||||
| Baseline | 1774.1 ± 70.4 | 1746.7 ± 77.6 | 1744.0 ± 74.7 | 0.815 |
| End | 1832.2 ± 71.2 | 1785.6 ± 77.15 | 1760.1 ± 65.9 | 0.585 |
| Rate of change | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.04 ± 0.03 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.413 |
| Insulin (pg/mL) | ||||
| Baseline | 478.2 ± 55.14 | 363.3 ± 38.6 | 374.1 ± 45.7 | 0.338 |
| End | 468.4 ± 49.6 | 378.4 ± 38.8 | 375.6 ± 35.3 | 0.273 |
| Rate of change | 0.04 ± 0.06 | 0.15 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.5 | 0.669 |
| Leptin (pg/mL) | ||||
| Baseline | 5296.9 ± 592.8 | 4745.0 ± 581.7 | 4945.9 ± 618.2 | 0.920 |
| End | 5778.8 ± 613.8 | 4782.62 ± 507.44 | 4813.1 ± 609.6 | 0.669 |
| Rate of change | 0.11 ± 0.04 | 0.11 ± 0.07 | 0.10 ± 0.09 | 0.668 |
| PAI (pg/mL) | ||||
| Baseline | 45,419.5 ± 3251.7 | 45,570.0 ± 3273.5 | 39,554.5 ± 3529.0 | 0.339 |
| End | 49,245.5 ± 3642.2 | 44,975.74 ± 3241.79 | 44,377.9 ± 3940.7 | 0.631 |
| Rate of change | 0.18 ± 0.13 | 0.16 ± 0.14 | 0.20 ± 0.10 | 0.927 |
| Resistin (pg/mL) | ||||
| Baseline | 6783.9 ± 444.07 | 7196.6 ± 688.9 | 5752.6 ± 676.7 | 0.141 |
| End | 7860.6 ± 612.0 | 6652.4 ± 737.5 | 6825.9 ± 632.3 | 0.590 |
| Rate of change | 0.19 ± 0.07 | 0.16 ± 0.17 | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 0.803 |
| Visfatin (pg/mL) | ||||
| Baseline | 8160.6 ± 572.9 | 8241.2 ± 875.8 | 7857.1 ± 822.8 | 0.951 |
| End | 8206.5 ± 530.3 | 7784.9 ± 645.1 | 7633.7 ± 626.2 | 0.900 |
| Rate of change | 0.03 ± 0.04 | 0.05 ± 0.09 | 0.10 ± 0.09 | 0.803 |
Data expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 29. p values correspond to the results of the linear mixed measures model used to compare the baseline values and end values of GCP, BG and GCP/BG. Rate of change represents [(End value − baseline value)/baseline value]. Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP); glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1); plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI).