. 2023 Apr 24;15(9):2051. doi: 10.3390/nu15092051

Table 2.

CDQ domains subcategorized by sex, current age, age at diagnosis, education, marital status, GFD compliance, and the use of antidepressants (n = 234).

	Emotion		Social		Worries		Symptoms		Total
	Mean (SD)	p	Mean (SD)	p	Mean (SD)	p	Mean (SD)	p	Mean (SD)	p
Gender *
Female (n = 162)	28.46 (7.11) ^a	0.523	21.83 (9.36) ^a	0.016	26.72 (8.65) ^a	0.845	24.49 (8.83) ^a	0.236	101.51 (29.65) ^a	0.399
Male (n = 66)	27.68 (8.81) ^a		25.18 (9.53) ^b		26.47 (9.25) ^a		26.02 (8.76) ^a		105.35 (34.61) ^a
Age *
Up to 40 y/o (n = 132)	28.10 (7.95) ^a	0.565	22.66 (9.62) ^a	0.499	26.59 (9.10) ^a	0.718	25.02 (9.29) ^a	0.842	102.37 (32.28) ^a	0.614
>40 y/o (n = 102)	28.68 (7.15) ^a		23.51 (9.43) ^a		27.01 (8.38) ^a		25.25 (8.20) ^a		104.45 (29.75) ^a
Age at diagnosis *
Up to 20 y/o (n = 115)	29.12 (7.86) ^a	0.218	24.80 (9.86) ^b	0.009	27.56 (8.68) ^a	0.305	27.28 (8.98) ^b	0.000	108.76 (32.62) ^b	0.017
> 20 y/o (n = 116)	27.91 (7.07) ^a		21.58 (8.82) ^a		26.39 (8.59) ^a		23.27 (8.09) ^a		99.14 (28.05) ^a
Educational level **
Up to elementary school (n = 35)	29.34 (8.92) ^a		26.46 (9.48) ^ab		27.17 (9.81) ^a		28.00 (7.93) ^c		110.97 (33.72) ^b
High school (n = 61)	30.05 (7.12) ^a	0.104	26.49 (8.34) ^b	0.000	28.72 (7.94) ^a	0.186	26.74 (8.39) ^{a b}	0.014	112.00 (28.43) ^b	0.005
Undergraduate (n = 89)	27.51 (7.11) ^a		21.78 (9.30) ^a		25.97 (8.79) ^a		24.26 (8.85) ^ab		99.51 (30.13) ^ab
Post-graduation (n = 49)	27.06 (7.78) ^a		18.55 (9.19) ^a		25.53 (8.82) ^a		22.63 (9.15) ^a		93.78 (31.21) ^a
Marital status *
With partner (n = 142)	28.39 (7.58) ^a	0.927	23.28 (9.71) ^a	0.617	27.37 (8.54) ^a	0.195	25.31 (8.65) ^a	0.689	104.35 (31.03) ^a	0.513
No partner (n = 92)	28.29 (7.67) ^a		22.64 (9.27) ^a		25.85 (9.10) ^a		24.84 (9.09) ^a		101.62 (31.44) ^a
Gluten-free diet ,**
No (n = 105)	28.06 (7.68) ^a	0.596	25.18 (8.59) ^b	0.002	27.37 (7.91) ^a	0.340	27.45 (7.80) ^b	0.000	108.06 (29.67) ^b	0.034
Yes (n = 129)	28.59 (7.56) ^a		21.28 (9.92) ^a		26.29 (9.43) ^a		23.23 (9.15) ^a		99.39 (31.90) ^a
Antidepressants *
No (n = 218)	28.07 (7.54) ^a	0.036	23.03 (9.42) ^a	0.990	26.82 (8.66) ^a	0.783	25.18 (8.62) ^a	0.725	103.10 (30.70) ^a	0.743
Yes (n = 16)	32.19 (7.68) ^b		23.00 (11.27) ^a		26.19 (10.62) ^a		24.38 (11.45) ^a		105.75 (37.91) ^a

* Student’s t-test. ** Anova with Tukey’s posthoc. Groups with the same letters do not differ significantly. *** Compliance with a gluten-free diet was considered in participants’ responses of “always following the diet”.