. 2023 Apr 23;15(9):2042. doi: 10.3390/nu15092042

Table 5.

Plant food intake according to chewing ability.

Plant Food	Normal (n = 4378)	Chewing Difficulty (n = 3457)	Total (n = 7835)	Unadjusted p-Value ⁽²⁾	Adjusted p-Value ^(3),(4)
Fresh fruits ⁽⁵⁾	204.4 ± 5.7 ⁽¹⁾	154.4 ± 4.9	182.8 ± 4.2	0.002	0.015
Nonstarchy vegetables ⁽⁶⁾	202.7 ± 3.8	180.4 ± 3.8	193.1 ± 2.9	0.152	0.059
Fresh fruits + Nonstarchy vegetables	407.1 ± 7.2	334.8 ± 6.6	375.9 ± 5.4	0.003	<0.001

⁽¹⁾ Mean ± SE, ⁽²⁾ p-value by t-test, ⁽³⁾ p-value by the generalized linear model (GLM), ⁽⁴⁾ Adjusted for gender, age, and energy intake, ⁽⁵⁾ Excluding fruits preserved in sugar, jam, and fruit juice, ⁽⁶⁾ Excluding salted vegetables and vegetable juice.