Table 3.
Assessment of the risk of bias in the included studies.
| Reference (Localisation) |
Random Sequence Generation (Selection Bias) |
Allocation Concealment (Selection Bias) |
Blinding of Participants and Personnel (Performance Bias) |
Blinding of Outcome Assessment (Detection Bias) |
Incomplete Outcome Data |
Selective Reporting (Reporting Bias) |
Other Sources of Bias | Number of Low Risk of Bias Assessments | Final Assessment of Study Quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bauer et al., 2015 [24] | ? | L | L | L | L | L | ? | 5 | HIGH |
| Bauer et al., 2020 [25] | ? | L | L | L | L | L | ? | 5 | HIGH |
| Björkman et al., 2020 [26] | ? | L | L | L | L | L | ? | 5 | HIGH |
| Bo et al., 2019 [27] | L | L | L | L | L | L | ? | 6 | HIGH |
| Hameed et al., 2018 [28] | H | H | ? | ? | H | H | ? | 0 | LOW |
| Hill et al., 2019 [29] | L | ? | L | L | L | L | ? | 5 | HIGH |
| Liberman et al., 2019 [30] | L | L | ? | ? | L | L | ? | 4 | HIGH |
| Rondanelli et al., 2016 [31] | L | L | L | L | L | L | ? | 5 | HIGH |
| Rondanelli et al., 2020 [32] | L | L | L | L | L | L | ? | 6 | HIGH |
| Verlaan et al., 2018 [33] | ? | ? | ? | ? | L | L | ? | 2 | ? |
L—low risk of bias; H—high risk of bias; ?—unclassified risk of bias; source: the authors’ own analysis.