Table 4.
Studies employing CRISPR/Cas on genes related to flooding heavy metal and toxic element stresses. TF: Transcription Factor; KO = Knockout.
| Species | Target Locus | Pathway/Function | Effect on Tolerance | CRISPR Result | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oryza sativa | OsHAK1 | Cs+-permeable transporter | Cesium resistant | KO | [246] |
| OsATX1 | Cu chaperone | Dosage-dependent tolerant | KO | [245] | |
| osa-MIR535 | Drought-induced miRNAs | Enhanced | KO | [247] | |
| OsARM1 | R2R3 MYB TF regulator of As-associated transporters genes | Enhanced | KO | [244] | |
| OsLCD | Unknown, Cd related | Enhanced | KO | [242] | |
| OsLCT1 | Low affinity cation transporter | Enhanced | KO | [248] | |
| OsNRAMP1 | Cd and Mn transporter | Enhanced | KO | [249] | |
| OsNRAMP5 | Cd and Mn transporter | Enhanced | KO | [240,248] | |
| OsPMEI12 | Pectin Methylesterase | Enhanced | KO | [250] | |
| Solanum lycopersicum | Sl1 | E3 Ubiquitin ligase | Reduced | KO | [243] |