Table 1.
The general characteristics of all the participants.
| Men | Women | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depressive | Normal | p-Value 1 | Depressive | Normal | p-Value 1 | |
| (n = 18) | (n = 35) | (n = 21) | (n = 41) | |||
| Age (year) | 23.0 ± 4.1 2 | 24.2 ± 3.5 | 0.269 | 24.7 ± 4.8 | 25.8 ± 5.1 | 0.398 |
| Height (cm) | 172.3 ± 5.9 | 175.2 ± 5.4 | 0.074 | 162.0 ± 6.6 | 161.8 ± 5.0 | 0.884 |
| Weight (kg) | 71.9 ± 13.7 | 78.2 ± 12.5 | 0.102 | 56.9 ± 10.3 | 59.2 ± 10.6 | 0.400 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.1 ± 3.9 | 25.4 ± 3.7 | 0.242 | 21.7 ± 3.7 | 22.6 ± 4.0 | 0.362 |
| <25 | 11 (61.1) 3 | 13 (37.1) | 0.097 | 15 (71.4) | 28 (68.3) | 0.800 |
| ≥25 | 7 (38.9) | 22 (62.9) | 6 (28.6) | 13 (31.7) | ||
| Sociodemographic factors | ||||||
| Marital status (single) | 17 (94.4) | 32 (91.4) | 0.694 | 18 (85.7) | 33 (80.5) | 0.610 |
| Education level | ||||||
| (More than College) | 18 (100.0) | 30 (85.7) | 0.092 | 21 (100.0) | 40 (97.6) | 0.471 |
| Health behavior factors | ||||||
| Smoking (yes) | 7 (38.9) | 12 (34.3) | 0.741 | 3 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.013 |
| Probiotics (yes) | 4 (22.2) | 10 (28.6) | 0.620 | 6 (28.6) | 17 (41.5) | 0.320 |
| Supplements (yes) | 2 (11.1) | 5 (14.3) | 0.746 | 5 (23.8) | 5 (12.2) | 0.239 |
| Alcohol intake (g/day) | 8.6 (1.5–26.6) 4 | 2.2 (0.0–19.7) | 0.283 5 | 0.7 (0.0–4.1) | 0.0 (0.0–3.6) | 0.066 5 |
| Exercise | ||||||
| None | 5 (27.8) | 6 (17.1) | 0.012 | 8 (38.1) | 18 (43.9) | 0.245 |
| 1–4/w | 13 (72.2) | 16 (45.7) | 13 (61.9) | 19 (46.3) | ||
| 5–7/w | 0 (0.0) | 13 (37.1) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (9.8) | ||
| K-HDRS 6 score | 20.4 ± 2.9 | 6.9 ± 5.2 | <0.001 | 23.8 ± 5.1 | 6.9 ± 4.8 | <0.001 |
1 Chi-Square test is used for categorical variables and t-test is used for continuous values. 2 Mean ± SD. 3 N (%). 4 Values are Median. The number in the bracket indicates first and third quartile. 5 Data were not normally distributed; non-parameter analysis was used to test statistical significance. 6 K-HDRS; Korean-Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, higher scores indicate stronger depressive symptoms.