Table 2.
Nutrient intake of participants in relation to depressive symptoms by gender.
| Men | Women | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depressive | Normal | Effect | p-Value 2 | Depressive | Normal | Effect | p-Value 2 | |
| Nutrient Intake | (n = 18) | (n = 35) | Size 1 | (n = 21) | (n = 41) | Size 1 | ||
| Energy (kcal) | 1821 ± 552 (1546, 2096) 3 |
2401 ± 611 (2191, 2611) |
−0.73 | 0.001 | 1550 ± 496 (1323, 1775) |
1807 ± 404 (1680, 1935) |
−0.59 | 0.032 |
| Carbohydrate (g) | 208.8 ± 70.1 (173.9, 243.6) |
256.4 ± 62.9 (234.8, 278.0) |
−0.91 | 0.015 | 197.4 ± 68.0 (166.5, 228.3) |
236.0 ± 51.7 (219.6, 252.3) |
−0.67 | 0.015 |
| Protein (g) | 77.5 ± 32.0 (61.5, 93.4) |
101.8 ± 32.7 (90.6, 113.0) |
−0.75 | 0.013 | 59.3 ± 19.8 (50.3, 68.4) |
70.6 ± 21.5 (63.8, 77.4) |
−0.48 | 0.049 |
| Fat (g) | 66.3 ± 25.2 (53.8, 78.9) |
95.8 ± 32.7 (83.7, 107.9) |
−0.55 | 0.003 | 51.0 ± 20.3 (41.8, 60.2) |
60.6 ± 20.0 (54.3, 66.9) |
−0.54 | 0.079 |
| Fiber (g) | 13.8 ± 6.4 (10.6, 16.9) |
17.7 ± 7.3 (15.1, 20.2) |
−0.60 | 0.062 | 14.2 ± 7.7 (10.7, 17.7) |
17.9 ± 7.9 (15.4, 20.4) |
−0.47 | 0.082 |
| Vitamin A (μg RAE) | 283.5 ± 179.2 (194.4, 372.6) |
438.8 ± 290.6 (339,538.7) |
−0.60 | 0.044 | 435.3 ± 400.4 (253.0, 617.6) | 470.0 ± 269.0 (385.1, 554.9) | −0.11 | 0.687 |
| Thiamin (mg) | 1.7 ± 0.7 (1.4, 2.1) |
2.6 ± 1.7 (2.0, 3.2) |
−0.56 | 0.045 | 1.5 ± 0.7 (1.1, 1.8) |
1.6 ± 0.6 (1.4, 1.8) |
- | 0.397 |
| Riboflavin (mg) | 1.3 ± 0.5 (1.1, 1.6) |
1.6 ± 0.6 (1.4, 1.8) |
−0.73 | 0.060 | 1.3 ± 0.5 (1.1, 1.5) |
1.5 ± 0.5 (1.3, 1.6) |
−0.54 | 0.169 |
| Niacin (mg) | 14.0 ± 6.5 (10.8, 17.2) |
19.6 ± 8.1 (16.8, 22.4) |
−0.22 | 0.015 | 10.6 ± 4.2 (8.7, 12.5) |
14.0 ± 5.2 (12.3, 15.6) |
0.09 | 0.012 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | 1.8 ± 1.0 (1.3, 2.3) |
2.0 ± 0.8 (1.8, 2.3) |
−0.65 | 0.443 | 1.5 ± 1.3 (0.9, 2.1) |
1.8 ± 1.4 (1.3, 2.2) |
−0.08 | 0.513 |
| Folic acid (μg) | 276.3 ± 118.9 (217.2, 335.4) |
367.1 ± 150.1 (315.6, 418.7) |
−0.39 | 0.030 | 331.5 ± 187.2 (246.3, 416.7) |
358.2 ± 139.3 (314.2, 402.2) |
−0.16 | 0.528 |
| Vitamin B12 (μg) | 5.6 ± 4.2 (3.5, 7.7) |
7.9 ± 6.5 (5.7, 10.2) |
−0.62 | 0.183 | 4.8 ± 3.8 (3.1, 6.5) |
7.6 ± 4.1 (6.3, 8.9) |
−0.40 | 0.012 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 33.7 ± 18.1 (24.7, 42.7) |
57.8 ± 45.6 (42.1, 73.5) |
−0.80 | 0.009 | 68.5 ± 108.0 (19.4, 117.7) |
74.8 ± 63.1 (54.9, 94.7) |
−0.70 | 0.774 |
| Vitamin E (mg) | 11.6 ± 6.6 (8.4, 14.9) |
18.1 ± 8.8 (15.1, 21.1) |
−0.41 | 0.008 | 12.1 ± 5.4 (9.6, 14.6) |
15.3 ± 6.1 (13.3, 17.2) |
−0.22 | 0.048 |
| Vitamin K (μg) | 62.3 ± 44.2 (40.4, 84.3) |
89.7 ± 76.1 (63.6, 115.9) |
−0.30 | 0.166 | 100.3 ± 105.7 (52.1, 148.4) |
93.7 ± 52.6 (77.1, 110.3) |
−0.17 | 0.743 |
| Calcium (mg) | 387.6 ± 172.6 (301.7, 473.4) |
441.9 ± 187.4 (377.5, 506.2) |
−0.86 | 0.310 | 430.0 ± 186.0 (345.5,514.4) |
487.7 ± 195.1 (426.1, 549.2) |
−0.70 | 0.267 |
| Phosphorus (mg) | 945.8 ± 354.2 (769.7, 1122.0) |
1273.8 ± 396.3 (1137.7, 1410.0) |
−0.39 | 0.005 | 845.2 ± 295.9 (710.5, 979.8) |
1022.9 ± 303.4 (927.1, 1118.6) |
−0.30 | 0.032 |
| Iron (mg) | 14.8 ± 5.6 (12.0, 17.6) |
17.5 ± 7.8 (14.9, 20.2) |
−0.68 | 0.187 | 13.3 ± 6.9 (6.3, 9.6) |
14.4 ± 4.7 (8.0, 10.0) |
−0.59 | 0.458 |
| Zinc (mg) | 10.2 ± 4.9 (7.7, 12.6) |
13.3 ± 4.5 (11.8, 14.9) |
−0.71 | 0.024 | 7.9 ± 3.7 (6.3, 9.6) |
9.0 ± 3.1 (8.0, 10.0) |
−0.55 | 0.227 |
| Selenium (μg) | 68.1 ± 27.8 (54.3, 81.9) |
93.3 ± 39.1 (79.9, 106.8) |
- | 0.018 | 54.7 ± 25.4 (43.1, 66.2) |
71.9 ± 28.0 (63.1, 80.7) |
- | 0.021 |
| C: P: F ratio 4 | ||||||||
| Carbohydrate (%) | 45.9 ± 7.3 | 43.3 ± 7.0 | 0.211 | 51.2 ± 8.1 | 52.6 ± 6.2 | 0.444 | ||
| Protein (%) | 16.8 ± 4.3 | 16.9 ± 3.2 | 0.118 | 15.6 ± 2.9 | 15.6 ± 3.9 | 0.937 | ||
| Fat (%) | 32.6 ± 6.0 | 35.6 ± 6.6 | 0.932 | 29.6 ± 6.2 | 29.9 ± 5.5 | 0.835 |
1 mean difference/pooled SD. 2 p values from t-test. 3 Values are Mean ± SD, the number in the bracket indicates 95% CI. 4 (Energy from carbohydrate, protein or fat/total energy intake) × 100.