Table 4.
General comparison of the different platforms for the detection and identification of viable bacterial cells (TVCs).
| Parameter | Sensor Respi-Rometry | Agar Plating | Tempo BioMerieux | Soleris | ATP BL | PCR, LAMP and Alike | ELISA, Lateral Flow | IMS | Flow Cytometry | Raman, SCRS | MS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time to Result, h | 1–8 h | 24–72 h | 6–24 h | 6-24 h | <1 h | 6–12 h | 3 h | 4 h | <1 h | <1 h | 1 h |
|
Detection of viable cells
only |
+++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | ++ | + | + | ++ | ++ | + | - |
| Sensitivity/LOD, CFU | 1 CFU | 1 CFU | 1 CFU | 1 CFU | 10–100 | 10–100 | 102–105 | 10–100 | >1 cell | >1 cell | 102–105 |
| Dynamic range | 7–8 Logs | several Logs4 | several Logs | several Logs | 4–6 Logs | 3–4 Logs | 2–4 Logs | 3–4 Logs | 3–4 Logs | unknown | unknown |
|
Total/Selective cell counts
possible |
yes/yes 1 | yes/yes | yes/yes 3 | yes/yes | yes/yes 3 | no/yes | no/yes | no/yes | yes/yes 2 | no/yes 2 | no/yes |
| Sample/assay volume, mL | 0.1–50 | 10 | 1 | 10 | 0.1–1 | 1–2 | 0.1 mL | 10 mL | 0.1–1 | 0.1 mL | 0.1 mL |
|
No of samples processed
(batch size) |
1–50 | 1–20 | 1–100 | 1–20 | 10–100 | 1–10 | 1–10 | 1–10 | 10–20 | 1–10 | 1–20 |
| Sample preparation time, h | 0.3 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 3 h | 1 h | 1 h | 0.5 h | 0.5 h | 1 h |
|
Cell lysis/enrichment/
clarification required |
no | no | partial | partial | yes | yes | yes/no | yes/no | no | yes | yes |
|
Matrix effects,
false +/--ves |
+/- | - | + | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | ++ | - |
| Waste and risk of contamination | + | +++ | + | + | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | + | + |
| Detector costs, $ | 1–30 k | none | >30 k | 1 k | 5 k | 5 0k | 0–5 k | >5 k | >50 k | >50 k | >200 k |
| Additional equipment and facilities required | + | ++ | +++ | + | + | +++ | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | +++ |
| Assay costs, $ | 1–5 $ | 2–0 | >20 | 30 | 10 | >10 | 3–10 | 10–20 | >5 | >10 | >3 |
1—not demonstrated; 2—with additional steps; 3—with selective enrichment step; 4—serial dilutions required.