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. 2023 May 4;23(9):4481. doi: 10.3390/s23094481

Table 5.

Path loss model.

Sensor Altitude from the Ground (cm) L(d0), Path Loss Attenuation at 1 km (dB) γ, Path Loss
Exponent
σp, Shadowing st. Deviation (dB)
0 122.6 1.7 1.1
20 122 1.8 1.2
50 119.2 1.6 2
100 117.6 1.8 2.1
150 116.4 2 2.1